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The Landscape Concept in Russian Scientific Thought, c1880s - 1991

20世纪80年代-1991年俄罗斯科学思想中的景观概念

基本信息

批准号：
AH/G011028/1
负责人：
Jonathan Oldfield
金额：
$ 22.94万
依托单位：
University of Glasgow
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2009
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2009 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FG011028%2F1
关键词：
Landscape Concept Russian Scientific Thought

项目摘要

Recent studies in the geography and sociology of scientific knowledge have suggested that the conceptual understandings and practices of science vary spatially across a range of scales. This proposal aims to extend this literature by means of a detailed empirical study of the historical development and evolution of a key environmental science concept, namely that of 'landscape', within an understudied national context, that of Russia. The project will argue that differences in scientific understanding arise not only from the particularities of disciplinary debate but also from distinctive traditions of scientific thought specific to different countries. Through a detailed study of Russia, the project will seek to show how the landscape concept was received, interpreted and contested in that particular country, whilst remaining sensitive to the many ways in which such understandings were influenced by events and ideas in the wider world. In so doing the project will make a significant contribution to the broader literature on landscape.The landscape concept has recently been the focus of considerable attention in the English-language literature, particularly within the discipline of geography and cognate areas. This reflects the concept's versatility and interdisciplinary nature, with its ability to rove across the interface between the physical and social sciences. In the context of current debates about global environmental change, this characteristic has appealed to many scholars and draws attention to the concept's pertinence to present-day sustainability concerns. There has been a commensurate rise in interest in the ways in which landscape has been understood and used in the various disciplines. But whilst there have been a number of attempts to trace the origins of the term, such analysis has tended to focus on the English-language literature and there has so far been limited consideration of the ways in which the landscape idea was encountered in non-English speaking contexts such as Russia and the subsequent ways in which it was interpreted, accommodated and transformed.While it is clearly problematic to advance the notion of a rigid, nationally-based science in view of the mutable character of scientific thought and practice as well as the porous nature of national borders to scientific ideas, it is also evident that particular socio-cultural settings have the potential to generate distinctive traditions of thought and enquiry. For example, the Russian approach to the landscape concept is characterised by a distinct sensitivity towards the holistic character of landscape and the union between organic and inorganic matter which is less evident in the Anglo-American tradition. Building on the work of Vucinich (1970) and his efforts to assess the relationship between Russian culture and science from the mid-nineteenth century, a number of influential factors are worthy of consideration: (i)the particular needs (however defined) of a given society; (ii)the relative emphasis placed on either applied or pure scientific pursuits; (iii)the ability of dominant philosophical traditions to affect subsequent interpretations of scientific theory; (iv)the influence of key individuals. In addition to these domestic factors, external influences on national scientific endeavour and specific scientific understandings should also be acknowledged.In order to explore the historical roots and subsequent evolution of Russian understanding of the landscape concept, the research will include extensive library and archival work as well as discussions with academics working in the field. This work will be carried out in Russia, Germany, Finland and the UK.

科学知识的地理学和社会学的最新研究表明，科学的概念理解和实践在空间上有很大的差异。这项建议的目的是通过一个详细的实证研究的历史发展和演变的一个关键的环境科学概念，即“牺牲”，在一个欠研究的国家背景下，俄罗斯，这一文献。该项目将认为，科学理解的差异不仅来自学科辩论的特殊性，而且来自不同国家特有的科学思想的独特传统。通过对俄罗斯的详细研究，该项目将试图展示景观概念在这个特定国家是如何被接受、解释和争议的，同时对这种理解受到更广泛世界的事件和思想影响的许多方式保持敏感。在这样做的项目将作出重大贡献，以更广泛的文学景观。景观的概念最近已相当关注的焦点，在英语文学，特别是在地理学科和同源领域。这反映了这一概念的多功能性和跨学科性质，它能够跨越物理科学和社会科学之间的界面。在目前关于全球环境变化的辩论中，这一特点吸引了许多学者，并提请注意这一概念与当今可持续性问题的相关性。人们对景观在各个学科中的理解和使用方式的兴趣也相应增加。但是，虽然有一些尝试来追溯这个词的起源，这种分析往往集中在英语文学，到目前为止，对景观概念在俄罗斯等非英语环境中遇到的方式以及随后对其进行解释的方式的考虑有限，虽然鉴于科学思想和实践的易变性以及科学思想的国家边界的多孔性，提出严格的、以国家为基础的科学的概念显然是有问题的，同样明显的是，特定的社会文化环境有可能产生独特的思想和探索传统。例如，俄罗斯对景观概念的态度的特点是对景观的整体特征和有机物与无机物之间的结合具有明显的敏感性，这在英美传统中不太明显。在Vucinich（1970）的工作及其对世纪中期以来俄罗斯文化与科学之间关系的评估的基础上，一些有影响力的因素值得考虑：（i）特殊需要（2）相对强调应用科学或纯科学的追求;（iii）占主导地位的哲学传统影响随后对科学理论的解释的能力;（iv）关键人物的影响。除了这些国内因素外，还应承认对国家科学努力的外部影响和具体的科学理解，为了探索俄罗斯对景观概念理解的历史根源和随后的演变，研究将包括广泛的图书馆和档案工作，以及与该领域学者的讨论。这项工作将在俄罗斯、德国、芬兰和英国进行。