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Soviet climate science and its intellectual legacies

苏联气候科学及其智力遗产

基本信息

批准号：
AH/P004431/1
负责人：
Jonathan Oldfield
金额：
$ 61.42万
依托单位：
University of Birmingham
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2017 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FP004431%2F1
关键词：
Soviet climate science its intellectual

项目摘要

Anthropogenic climate change is arguably the most significant threat confronting humankind in the early 21st Century. The intellectual history underpinning our growing insight into the nature and scale of the problem has received marked attention in recent years and yet the specifics of the Soviet Union's contribution in this respect have been marginalised in the English-language literature. This lacuna is significant not only in view of the Soviet Union's (and latterly the Soviet successor states') size and importance for global environmental systems, but also because of the contribution made by Soviet scientists to the international understanding and associated debate in this area post-1945. The Russian Federation remains a major contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions. At the same time, it has adopted a relatively negative stance with respect to recent and ongoing international efforts to curtail such emissions.In view of this, the overarching aim of this research project is to explore the development of Soviet climate science post-1945, with a particular focus on the debates concerning humankind's influence on climate systems and on Soviet contributions to related international initiatives. The research will also examine the intellectual legacies of these debates for Russia's positioning in post-1991 climate discussions. As part of this, the research will provide a first detailed account of Soviet engagement with international debate concerning climate change and key organisations such as the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).The project will make extensive use of both Russian- and English language archival materials located in Russia, Europe and the USA. In addition, it will generate a series of oral history interviews with scientists involved in Soviet climate science. The contemporary element of the research will be underpinned by interviews with relevant policy and state actors and supported by secondary data analysis.The project's output will consist of a series of published works and reports in addition to workshops and a project conference to be held in St. Petersburg. In addition, it will produce a block of work for use in Schools concerning Russia and climate change in collaboration with the Royal Geographical Society (RGS). This would take advantage of the introduction of Russia as a required element of study within the Key Stage 3 (11-14) National Curriculum and help to strengthen the coverage of key themes including climate change, biomes, and carbon cycle within KS3 and the new GCSE and A level specifications effective from September 2016. Further outputs will include Master classes for teachers, public lectures outlining the main findings of the research, policy briefings, and materials for the project and RGS websites.

可以说，人为气候变化是21世纪初人类面临的最重大威胁。近年来，支撑我们对这一问题的性质和规模日益深刻洞察的思想史受到了显著关注，但苏联在这方面做出贡献的细节在英语文学中被边缘化了。考虑到苏联(以及后来的苏联继承国)的规模和对全球环境系统的重要性，这一漏洞是重要的，也是因为苏联科学家在1945年后对这一领域的国际理解和相关辩论做出了贡献。俄罗斯联邦仍然是全球温室气体排放的主要贡献者。与此同时，它对最近和正在进行的减少这种排放的国际努力采取了相对消极的立场。有鉴于此，本研究项目的总体目标是探索1945年后苏联气候科学的发展，特别是关于人类对气候系统的影响以及苏联对相关国际倡议的贡献的辩论。这项研究还将检验这些辩论的思想遗产，以确定俄罗斯在1991年后的气候讨论中的定位。作为这项研究的一部分，这项研究将首次详细介绍苏联参与有关气候变化的国际辩论以及世界气象组织(WMO)和政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)等主要组织的情况。该项目将广泛使用位于俄罗斯、欧洲和美国的俄语和英语档案材料。此外，它还将对参与苏联气候科学的科学家进行一系列口述历史采访。这项研究的当代内容将以对相关政策和国家行为者的访谈为基础，并得到二级数据分析的支持。该项目的产出将包括一系列已出版的作品和报告，以及将在圣彼得堡举行的讲习班和项目会议。此外，它还将与皇家地理学会(RGS)合作，制作一套关于俄罗斯和气候变化的教材，供学校使用。这将利用引入俄罗斯作为关键阶段3(11-14)国家课程中的必修学习元素的优势，并有助于加强对KS3和新的GCSE和A级规范中的关键主题的覆盖，这些主题从2016年9月起生效。其他产出将包括教师大师班、概述研究主要结果的公开讲座、政策简报以及该项目和区域研究小组网站的材料。