PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL CONTEXT IN REPRESSION OF EMOTION

描述(申请者摘要)：压抑包括与自己保持距离 从心理威胁的想法、情绪、记忆或经历中 (Breuer&Freud，1925/1955)。负面情绪事件为我们提供了 定义压抑性应对方式和调查的主要方法 压抑的社会行为。这项研究项目的主要目标是 使用非临床样本来测试压抑模型(门多利亚，摩尔， &Tesser，1996)，它假设了人(个体)的特征 对消极和积极情绪事件的反应不同)和 这种情况(自我评估面临的社会威胁)结合在一起，产生了 压抑的行为。根据这个模型，抑制物是高度敏感的。 无论是消极的还是积极的情绪事件，但它们与自己 只有在特定条件下才能避免这些事件--即当情况 威胁到他们的自我评价。因此，有可能识别出 压抑反应的动机和解释为什么抑制者 心理上与威胁情感事件的距离更大 比非抑制物更常见。此外，建议的模型还解决了 最近的证据(阿森多夫和谢勒，1983；戴维斯，1987；戴维斯和施瓦茨， 1987；C.H.Hansen，Hansen，&Shantz，1992)认为抑制物起反应 更强烈地、不能回忆和离散地评价积极的情绪 事件。该项目的具体目标是证明(1)a 激励机制(个体在反应能力上的差异，如索引所示 通过自主活动、面部表情、编码和识别 记忆)和情景机制(社会情景威胁 自我评估)作为压抑行为的基础(实验1和2) (2)这两种机制与压抑之间存在因果关系 行为。因果关系将通过操纵来演示 自主神经反应的个体差异(实验3)和 注意(实验5)与抑制者对被试的认知评价 情境(实验4)。这一提出的双因素模型扩展了当前的 压制的概念化，因为它解决了为什么和何时压制者 对消极和积极的情绪采取感性的防御 事件。这种对压抑行为的探索和潜在的 改变压抑反应具有重大的健康影响，因为 压抑者没有意识到他们的躯体痛苦已经被发现 与多种疾病(如哮喘、心血管疾病)有关 疾病、癌症)。

DESCRIPTION (Applicant's abstract): Repression involves distancing oneself from psychologically threatening ideas, emotions, memories, or experiences (Breuer & Freud, 1925/1955). Negative emotional events have provided the principal means by which to define repressive coping style and investigate repressive social behavior. The major objective of this research project is to test, using a nonclinical sample, a model of repression (Mendolia, Moore, & Tesser, 1996) which posits that features of the person (individual differences in responsiveness to negative and positive emotional events) and the situation (social threats to self-evaluation) combine to produce repressive behavior. According to the model, repressors are hypersensitive to both negative and positive emotional events, but they distance themselves from these events only under specific conditions-namely, when the situation threatens their self-evaluation. Thus, it is possible to identify the motivation for repressive response and to explain why repressors psychologically distance themselves from threatening emotional events more often than do nonrepressors. Furthermore, the proposed model addresses recent evidence (Asendorpf & Scherer, 1983; Davis, 1987; Davis & Schwartz, 1987; C.H. Hansen, Hansen, & Shantz, 1992) suggesting that repressors react more strongly to, fail to recall, and discretely appraise positive emotional events. The specific aims of this project are to demonstrate that (1) a motivational mechanism (individual differences in responsiveness, as indexed by autonomic activity, facial expressiveness, encoding, and recognition memory) and a situational mechanism (social situational threats to self-evaluation) underlay repressive behavior (Experiments 1 and 2) and that (2) a causal relationship exists between these two mechanisms and repressive behavior. The causal relationship will be demonstrated by manipulating individual differences in autonomic responsiveness (Experiments 3) and attention (Experiment 5) and repressors' cognitive appraisal of the situation (Experiment 4). This proposed 2-factor model extends the current conceptualization of repression in that it addresses why and when repressors employ a perceptual defense in response to negative and positive emotional events. This exploration of repressive behavior and the potential for modifying repressive response has significant health implications in that repressors' failure to recognize their somatic distress has been found to be associated with a wide range of illnesses (e.g., asthma, cardiovascular disease, cancer).