Publication and Dissemination of The Fallow Deer Project

参观任何一个庄严的家，你很可能会发现一群欧洲休闲鹿（Dama dama dama）。毫无疑问，这是一个优雅和标志性的景观，它们也是自然历史的谜题之一，因为尽管它们是现代分布的，尽管它们的名字，欧洲休闲鹿不是欧洲起源：它们原产于安纳托利亚，在最后一个冰河时代（c. 40，000 - 10，000年前）。从考古文物、图像学和动物本身的遗骸中可以清楚地看出，D。D.来自安纳托利亚的破坏完全是由于人类的运输，而休闲鹿在每个负责其运动的社会中都有独特的半家养地位：例如巴尔干半岛的新石器时代，青铜时代爱琴海（迈锡尼，米诺斯），铁器时代的希腊和高卢，以及罗马，拜占庭和诺曼帝国。更不透明的问题是什么时候，多快，通过什么机制，也许最重要的是，为什么休耕鹿从他们的家园运输。为了解决这些问题，从而获得重要的见解人类迁移，贸易和社会意识形态的过去模式，我已经进行了为期两年的跨学科项目，研究自然/社会历史的休闲鹿。该项目的结果正在挑战有关该物种的“公认智慧”，并对其在公元前4500年至公元1450年之间的欧洲文化中的作用提供了更微妙的评价。研究休假旨在使研究人员、学生和公众意识到这些结果，并产生以下成果：1）Sykes、Baker、Hoelzel、Masseti和Vernasi“重写休耕鹿的自然历史：从古代DNA中获得的新见解”，《考古科学杂志》。该项目产生了新的古代DNA结果，挑战了有关该物种进化生物学的既定信念。本文将使用来自现代休闲鹿种群的证据对这些结果进行背景化。2）赛克斯，“欧洲休闲鹿的起源和传播”，哺乳动物评论。本文将根据欧洲和近东的动物考古学记录，提出一个关于休闲鹿（以及人类）迁移的精确模型。3)赛克斯和卡伦，“在盎格鲁-撒克逊英格兰的鹿和猎鹿：从动物考古学和地名的证据”，古董杂志。本文将纠正最近在学术文献中流传的有关休闲鹿自然/社会历史的错误信息。4）项目期间收集的数据将发布在项目现有网站的更新版本上。这将是动物考古研究人员的重要资源。5）赛克斯，“仪式和文物：欧洲4500年至公元1450年的休闲鹿的文化意义”，环境考古学。作为活的动物和身体的一部分，休闲鹿已经被纳入社会和宗教身份的表达。本文将探讨这些行为的机制和动机。6）Sykes，“The presence and cultural significance of game reserves in Roman Britain”，Landscapes.休闲鹿影响了欧洲景观的发展，本文将展示休闲鹿研究对景观研究的解释潜力。7)赛克斯和艾伦“动物入侵者：在英格兰南部引进动物的社会历史”，苏塞克斯考古收藏。该项目已由苏塞克斯考古学会，在我的AHRC资助的合作博士奖“动物景观和帝国”的合作伙伴的支持。这篇论文是与合作学生共同撰写的，将传播这两个项目的成果。该项目的出版将提供一个研究平台，以便与国际合作开展对该物种的重大调查。

Visit any stately home and somewhere on the grounds you are likely to find a herd of European fallow Deer (Dama dama dama). Undoubtedly an elegant and iconic sight, they are also one of natural history's puzzles because despite their modern distribution, and despite their name, European fallow deer are not of European origin: they are native to Anatolia, where the species became restricted during the last Ice Age (c. 40,000-10,000 years ago). It is clear from archaeological artefacts, iconography and the remains of the animals themselves that the spread of D. d. dama from Anatolia was entirely due to human transportation and that fallow deer held a unique semi-domestic position within each of the societies responsible for their movement: for instance the cultures of the Balkan Neolithic, Bronze Age Aegean (Mycenaean, Minoan), Iron Age Greece and Gaul, and the Roman, Byzantine and Norman Empires. More opaque are the questions of when, how quickly, by what mechanisms and, perhaps most importantly, why fallow deer were transported from their homeland. To address these issues and thereby gain important insights into past patterns of human migration, trade and social ideology, I have undertaken a two-year interdisciplinary project to examine the natural/social history of fallow deer. The project's results are challenging the 'received wisdom' about the species and providing a more nuanced appreciation of its role in European cultures dating between 4500 B.C. and A.D. 1450. Research leave is sought to bring these results to the consciousness of researchers, students and the general public with the following outputs: 1) Sykes, Baker, Hoelzel, Masseti and Vernasi 'Re-writing the natural history of fallow deer: new insights from ancient DNA', Journal of Archaeological Science. The project has produced new ancient DNA results that challenge established beliefs about the species' evolutionary biology. This paper will contextualise these results using evidence from modern fallow deer populations.2) Sykes, 'The origins and spread of European fallow deer', Mammal Review. This article will present a refined model for fallow deer (and thus human) migration, based on zooarchaeological records for fallow deer in Europe and the Near East. 3) Sykes and Cullen, 'Deer and deer hunting in Anglo-Saxon England: the evidence from zooarchaeology and place-names', Antiquaries Journal. This article will redress the erroneous information concerning the natural/social history of fallow deer that has recently come into circulation within the academic literature.4) Data collected during the project will be published on an up-dated version of the project's existing website. This will be a vital resource for zooarchaeological researchers.5) Sykes, 'Rituals and relics: the cultural significance of fallow deer in Europe 4500 B.C. to AD 1450', Environmental Archaeology. As both living animals and as body parts, fallow deer have been incorporated into expressions of social and religious identity. This article will examine the mechanisms and motivation for these acts.6) Sykes, 'The presence and cultural significance of game reserves in Roman Britain', Landscapes.Fallow deer have influenced the development of Europe's landscape and this article will demonstrate the interpretative potential of fallow deer research for landscape studies. 7) Sykes and Allen 'Animal invaders: the social history of introduced fauna in southern England', Sussex Archaeological Collections.The project has been supported by the Sussex Archaeological Society, the partner in my AHRC-funded collaborative doctoral award 'Animalscapes and Empire'. Written together with the collaborative student, this paper will disseminate the results of both projects.It is intended that publication of the project will provide a research platform from which to launcha major investigation into the species with international collaboration.