Proust Among the Nations - A comparatist study

德雷福斯事件是法国世纪之交的决定性文化和政治时刻，其影响波及整个欧洲。在这个项目中，我的目标是调查马塞尔·普鲁斯特的确切关系，作为更广泛的调查的一部分，欧洲的犹太问题和少数民族问题的文化和文学代表性如何延伸到中东，通过以色列国的建立，在许多方面成为欧洲历史上这一艰难时刻的继承人。普鲁斯特与他的犹太背景的关系经常被描述为一种否认，因为他的中心叙述者不是犹太人，在这篇论文中，我将通过普鲁斯特与19世纪后期法国的犹太人问题和事件的精确历史接触来考察他与德雷福斯的关系。我将集中讨论普鲁斯特与关键犹太人人物的关系，如西奥多·赫茨尔，德雷福斯事件也是他建立政治犹太复国主义的决定性时刻，以及伯纳德·拉扎尔，中央无政府社会主义者和同一时期的作家，通过德雷福斯，提供了一个新的三角测量，拉扎尔，赫茨尔和普鲁斯特，这是以前没有提出过的。这项调查的中心将是普鲁斯特和拉扎尔在19世纪90年代的文学出版物La revue blanche中所扮演的角色，法国犹太知识分子和文化身份发展的形成背景之一，吸收了朱利安·本达、古斯塔夫·汗和普鲁斯特的老师、早期评论作家马克西姆·戈谢等人物的著作。我还将调查普鲁斯特在1898年2月7日至23日期间每天参加埃米尔·左拉审判的情况。除了德雷福斯事件的历史文献外，我的主要资料来源将是La revue blanche，对左拉来说，还有报纸L 'Aurore和Le Figaro。这项研究将用于返回，在文本细节上，A la recherche，为了给普鲁斯特在犹太人问题和少数民族问题上的立场一种新的历史密度形式。这项研究将使我能够摆脱新的本书旨在揭示普鲁斯特与德雷福斯、法国犹太人的知识和文化生活的关系，并展示普鲁斯特对这些问题的独特参与，以及他的渲染的复杂性，可能与其他版本的民族认同一起设置，这些版本是他以如此微小的关注记录的危机的历史后果。

The Dreyfus Affair is the defining cultural and political moment in turn of the century France with ramifications which stretch across Europe. In this project I aim to investigate the precise relationship of Marcel Proust to the Affair as part of a wider investigation of how Europe's cultural and literary representation of the Jewish Question and the issue of national minorities has implications that stretch to the Middle East which, through the founding of the State of Israel, has in many ways become heir to this difficult moment of European history.Proust's relationship to his Jewish background is often characterised as one of denial as his central narrator is not Jewish, while at the same time the society he depicts is peopled with Jewish characters two of them absolutely central to the narrative, Charles Swann and Albert Bloch.In this study, I will investigate Proust's relationship to Dreyfus through his precise historical engagement with the Affair and the Jewish Question in late nineteenth century France. I will focus on Proust's position in relation to key Jewish figures such as Theodor Herzl for whom the Dreyfus Affair was also a defining moment in his founding of political Zionism, and Bernard Lazare, central anarcho-socialist and writer from the same time, offering a new triangulation, through Dreyfus, of Lazare, Herzl and Proust which has not been proposed before.Central to this investigation will be the part played by both Proust and Lazare in the literary publication, La revue blanche, in the 1890s, one of the formative contexts for the development of French Jewish intellectual and cultural identity, taking in the writings of such figures as Julien Benda, Gustave Khan and Maxime Gaucher, Proust's teacher and an early writer for the review. I will also be investigating Proust's engagement in the trial of Emile Zola which he attended on a daily basis from February 7- 23 1898. In addition to the historical documentation of the Dreyfus Affair, my key sources will therefore be La revue blanche and, for Zola, the newspapers L'Aurore and Le Figaro.This research will then be used to return, in close textual detail, to A la recherche, in order to give Proust's position on the Jewish Question and the issue of national minorities a new form of historical density.The study will allow me to shed new light on Proust's involvement with Dreyfus, with French Jewish intellectual and cultural life, as well as to show how Proust's unique engagement with these questions, the complexity of his rendering, might be set alongside other versions of national identity which have been the historic consequence of the crisis he recorded with such minute attention.