REPRESENTATIONS YIELDING INFANT TASK-DEPENDENT BEHAVIOR

产生婴儿任务依赖性行为的表现

• 批准号: 2798591
• 负责人: YUKO MUNAKATA
• 金额: $ 7.59万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF DENVER (COLORADO SEMINARY)
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-12-15 至 2003-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2798591
• 关键词: behavioral /social science research tag; behavioral habituation /sensitization; child behavior; child psychology; clinical research; cognition; concept; human subject; infant human (0-1 year); neurosciences; performance; stimulus /response; visual stimulus

The primary goal of this research is to advance understanding of the representations underlying infants' task-dependent behavior with hidden objects. Infants can appear precocious or limited in almost any ability depending on the task administered to them. For example, infants as young as 3.5 months show an apparent sensitivity to the continued existence of hidden objects in visual habituation studies, yet infants fail to manually search for objects hidden by occluders through around 9 months. And, infants as young as 5 months reach for objects in the dark. Such task-dependent behaviors can be interpreted in many ways, resulting in numerous contradictory claims about what infants know, from very young infants possessing a concept of object permanence to much older infants representing nothing about hidden objects. This project addresses this debate by focusing on the following questions: 1. How do inherent and incidental task factors contribute to infants' task- dependent behavior? 2. How do distinct types of representations contribute to infants' task- dependent behavior? 3. How do graded representations contribute to infants' task-dependent behavior? The primary methodology for this project is the detailed analysis of infants' response to objects that are presented and then hidden from view, across three paradigms: visual habituation, reaching in the dark, and searching under visible occluders. Findings from these studies will illuminate the influence of a variety of factors in the representations infants use across different tasks. In this way, the proposed work provides a coherent program for advancing our understanding of the factors contributing to infants' task-dependent behavior--an essential step toward characterizing the nature of infants' representations, and in turn informing theory and its application to both typical and special populations.

这项研究的主要目标是提高对婴儿与隐藏对象的任务相关行为的理解。婴儿几乎可以根据对其执行的任务而出现早熟或有限的任何能力。例如，每年3.5个月的婴儿表现出对视觉习惯研究中隐藏物体持续存在的明显敏感性，但是婴儿未能手动搜索封闭器在9个月内隐藏的对象。而且，五个月以下的婴儿可以在黑暗中使用物体。这种依赖于任务的行为可以通过多种方式来解释，从而导致许多关于婴儿所知道的事物的矛盾主张，从拥有对象永久概念的非常年轻的婴儿到对隐藏对象没有任何代表的年龄较大的婴儿。该项目通过关注以下问题来解决这一辩论：1。固有和偶然的任务因素如何促成婴儿的任务依赖行为？ 2。不同类型的表示形式如何促进婴儿的任务依赖性行为？ 3.分级表示如何有助于婴儿的任务依赖性行为？该项目的主要方法是对婴儿对呈现的对象的反应的详细分析，然后在三个范式上隐藏在视觉上：视觉习惯，在黑暗中到达以及在可见的封锁者下进行搜索。这些研究的发现将阐明婴儿在不同任务中使用的代表中各种因素的影响。通过这种方式，拟议的工作提供了一个连贯的计划，以促进我们对有助于婴儿任务依赖行为的因素的理解，这是朝着表征婴儿代表性本质的重要一步，进而为理论及其在典型和特殊人群中的应用提供信息。