Representations Yielding Task-Dependent Flexibility

表示产生任务相关的灵活性

• 批准号: 7786471
• 负责人: YUKO MUNAKATA
• 金额: $ 28.9万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-12-15 至 2015-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7786471
• 关键词: Address; Aging; Automobile Driving; Basic Science; Behavior; Categories; Child; Child Support; Cognitive; Computer Simulation; Controlled Study; Cues; Decision Making; Development; Face; Failure; Goals; Human; Impairment; Infant; Instruction; Label; Lead; Learning; Literature; Maintenance; Modeling; Neural Network Simulation; Process; Psychopathology; Research; Retrieval; Role; Services; Short-Term Memory; Signal Transduction; Update; Work; abstracting; base; cognitive control; computer framework; driving behavior; executive function; flexibility; improved; information organization; mental health education; named group; programs; public health relevance; theories

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The primary goal of this research is to advance understanding of the development of cognitive flexibility. Children can show stunning failures to flexibly adapt their behavior to changing circumstances. For example, children often perseverate, repeating prior behaviors when they are no longer appropriate, even in the face of repeated and explicit information to change course. In contrast, mature humans show unique abilities to flexibly adapt their behavior to changing circumstances, even in the absence of explicit information about how or when to do so. Much of the work in the developmental literature has focused on one aspect of this process - children's increasing abilities to actively maintain goals that are provided for them. While this work has led to a rich understanding of the mechanisms supporting children's flexible behaviors, it has largely failed to address two critical transitions in development. First, prior to children's gradual improvements in proactive maintenance of goal representations, they show a qualitatively different, reactive, form of cognitive control, retrieving goals only as they are needed in the moment. Second, even after children excel at maintaining goals that are provided for them to guide exogenous (externally-cued) flexibility, they show continued limitations and developments in endogenous (internally-driven) flexibility, when they must select goals for themselves. The proposed research builds on a unified, biologically-based computational modeling framework to investigate developments in these diverse components of flexibility, through parallel studies with children and neural network models. This framework focuses on the role of active, abstract knowledge representations in driving transitions from reactive to proactive control, and from exogenous to endogenous control. This work will advance explicit mechanistic models of how children develop, maintain, and update representations in the service of flex- ible behavior, and will inform applications for improving flexibility - from infant search to children's rule use to increasing abilities to drive flexible behavior on one's own. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Limitations in cognitive flexibility are particularly salient early in development, late in aging, and in a wide variety of psychopathologies. They can lead to serious impairments in learning, decision-making, and action. Understanding the basis for such limitations and subsequent developments in cognitive flexibility is thus a central goal for basic science, mental health, and education.

描述（由申请人提供）：这项研究的主要目标是提高对认知灵活性发展的理解。孩子们可以表现出令人惊叹的失败，以灵活地使自己的行为适应不断变化的环境。例如，孩子们经常坚持不懈，即使面对重复和明确的信息以改变过程，也不再适当时重复先前的行为。相比之下，即使在没有有关如何或何时进行的明确信息的情况下，成熟的人类表现出独特的能力，可以灵活地适应其行为适应不断变化的环境。发展文献中的许多工作都集中在这一过程的一个方面 - 儿童不断增强的积极维护为他们提供的目标的能力。尽管这项工作使人们对支持儿童灵活行为的机制有了丰富的了解，但它在很大程度上未能解决发展中的两个关键转变。首先，在儿童在积极维护目标表示方面的逐步改善之前，他们在质量不同，反应性，认知控制的形式上表现出一种差异，仅根据目前需要检索目标。其次，即使孩子们擅长维护为指导外源性（外部提出的）灵活性提供的目标，他们也会在内源性（内部驱动）灵活性的持续局限性和发展中，当他们必须为自己选择目标时。 拟议的研究基于一个基于生物学的计算建模框架，通过与儿童和神经网络模型的并行研究来研究这些灵活性各种组成部分的发展。该框架的重点是主动，抽象的知识表示在驱动从反应性到主动控制以及从外源性控制到内源性控制的过渡中的作用。这项工作将推动儿童如何发展，维护和更新柔性行为的表现形式的明确机械模型，并将为提高灵活性的应用程序提供信息 - 从婴儿搜索到儿童规则的使用，再到提高能力自行推动灵活行为的能力。 公共卫生相关性：认知灵活性的局限性在发展的早期，衰老和各种心理病理学的早期尤为突出。它们可以导致学习，决策和行动的严重损害。因此，了解这种局限性和随后的认知灵活性发展的基础是基础科学，心理健康和教育的核心目标。