Developing Inhibitory Control

发展抑制控制

• 批准号: 9857048
• 负责人: YUKO MUNAKATA
• 金额: $ 29.73万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-02-01 至 2024-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9857048
• 关键词: 6 year old; Academic achievement; Adult; Age; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Behavior; Characteristics; Child; Child Development; Clinical; Computer Models; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cues; Data; Development; Disease; Educational Intervention; Electrophysiology (science); Emotions; Environment; Foundations; Future; Grant; Habits; Health; Impairment; Income; Individual; Intervention; Lead; Learning; Life; Longitudinal Studies; Measures; Mental Health; Modeling; Monitor; Nature; Neural Network Simulation; Outcome; Pattern; Process; Role; Schizophrenia; Signal Transduction; Testing; Thinking; Time; Training; Work; autism spectrum disorder; base; behavioral study; design; effective intervention; executive function; experience; experimental study; flexibility; improved; novel; novel strategies; response; selective attention; simulation; success; theories; tool

Project Summary Children show remarkable limitations in their ability to suppress inappropriate actions, thoughts, and emotions. Their gradual development of inhibitory control is critical in the moment, allowing children to delay gratification, behave flexibly rather than following habits, and regulate their emotions, and in the longer term, predicting a wide range of important life outcomes, including health, academic achievement, and income. Deficits in inhibitory control are implicated in numerous clinical disorders, including ADHD, autism, OCD, and schizophrenia. Studying the development of inhibitory control thus represents an opportunity, because children's protracted limitations and successes provide a window into fundamental processes that are crucial for mental health. Studying the development of inhibitory control also represents a challenge, because targeted intervention efforts to improve children's inhibitory control have met with limited success. Some broad intervention efforts have shown promise but are multifaceted and time-intensive, making it difficult to identify which components are critical in order to inform targeted interventions and theory development. Two recent advances point to a promising way forward. The first advance is a new understanding of a core component of successful inhibitory control in adults: the ability to proactively monitor the environment for signals that indicate that an action should be stopped. This advance suggests that inhibitory limitations, developments, and interventions may depend critically upon processes for proactive monitoring. The second advance is a new understanding of developmental changes in the temporal dynamics of executive function: children gradually transition from a reactive form of executive function (engaging control processes only as needed in the moment) to a proactive form (engaging control processes and maintaining them in anticipation of needing them in the future). Together, the two advances suggest that children's struggles with inhibitory control reflect their prolonged development of proactive control (which ultimately supports the proactive monitoring that is critical for inhibitory control), and their early use of reactive control (which is less efficient for inhibitory control). Interventions must be designed accordingly. This proposal builds on our work developing the components of this framework and integrating them, to test a unified framework for understanding the development of inhibitory control and effective interventions. The studies test young children who rely heavily on reactive control, and older children who have some capacity for proactive control, and tracks children longitudinally as they progress through a key transition window. We tightly integrate these behavioral studies with computational models. Our foundational neural network simulations show how proactive monitoring can develop through learning, to support inhibitory control. Our proposed models will help to distinguish alternative theories and generate testable predictions, to advance understanding of the mechanisms supporting developments in inhibitory control and effective intervention.

项目摘要 孩子们在抑制不当行动，思想和情感的能力方面表现出显着的局限性。目前，他们逐渐发展抑制性控制至关重要，使孩子们可以延迟满足，灵活地行事，而不是遵循习惯和调节情绪，从而预测包括健康，学术成就和收入在内的广泛重要的生活成果。抑制性控制的缺陷与许多临床疾病有关，包括多动症，自闭症，强迫症和精神分裂症。因此，研究抑制性控制的发展代表了机会，因为儿童的旷日持久和成功为基本过程提供了对心理健康至关重要的基本过程的窗口。研究抑制性控制的发展也代表了一个挑战，因为有针对性的干预措施改善儿童的抑制性控制已取得了有限的成功。一些广泛的干预工作已经表现出了希望，但是多方面且耗时的，因此很难确定哪些组成部分至关重要，以便为有针对性的干预措施和理论发展提供信息。 最近的两个进步指出了前进的前进道路。第一个进步是对成年人成功抑制控制的核心组成部分的新理解：积极监控环境的信号的能力，表明应停止采取行动。这一进步表明，抑制局限性，发展和干预措施可能严重取决于主动监测的过程。第二个进步是对执行功能时间动态的发展变化的新理解：儿童逐渐从反应性的执行功能的反应形式过渡（仅在当时需要根据需要引起控制过程）到主动的形式（参与控制过程，并预期将其维持在将来需要它们）。这两个进步共同表明，儿童在抑制性控制方面的斗争反映了他们长期的主动控制发展（最终支持对抑制性控制至关重要的主动监测）以及他们对反应性控制的尽早使用（这对抑制控制效率较低）。必须相应地设计干预措施。该建议建立在我们开发该框架的组成部分并将其集成的工作的基础上，以测试一个统一的框架，以了解抑制性控制和有效干预措施的发展。这些研究测试了严重依赖反应性控制的幼儿，以及具有积极控制能力的年龄较大的孩子，并在儿童通过关键过渡窗口进行纵向跟踪。我们将这些行为研究与计算模型紧密相结合。我们的基本神经网络模拟显示了如何通过学习来发展积极的监测，以支持抑制性控制。我们提出的模型将有助于区分替代理论并产生可测试的预测，以促进对支持抑制性控制和有效干预发展的机制的理解。

项目成果

Cultures crossing: The power of habit in delaying gratification.

文化交叉：习惯延迟满足的力量。

• DOI: 10.1177/09567976221074650
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Psychological Science
• 影响因子: 8.2
• 作者: Yanaoka;K ; Michaelson;L. E ; Guild;R. M ; Dostart;G ; Yonehiro;J ; Saito;S ; Munakata;Y
• 通讯作者: Y