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Landscape aesthetics, meaning and experience in Christian pilgrimage

基督教朝圣中的景观美学、意义与体验

基本信息

批准号：
AH/H009868/1
负责人：
Avril Maddrell
金额：
$ 6.8万
依托单位：
University of the West of England
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2010 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FH009868%2F1
关键词：
Landscape aesthetics meaning experience Christian

项目摘要

Within the humanities and social sciences, and society at large, there has been a resurgence of interest in pilgrimage in recent years. The primary aim of this research project is to bring a new perspective to understanding the significance of place in studies of Christian pilgrimage, with a particular focus on landscape as a lens through which pilgrims visualise and experience the spiritual, as well as being the site of the performance of pilgrimage itself. While previous studies have identified place as a central element of pilgrimage (along with people and texts), the spatial aspects of pilgrimage have been framed in terms of static shrines and their surrounding architecture, spatial networks of shrines or pilgrims, spaces of mobility and performance, and sacred space as a reflective 'void'. While the location of many pilgrimage sites in areas of outstanding natural beauty has been noted, the role of the landscape and its aesthetics in 'sacred place', religious and emotional experience in pilgrimage centres has been given little attention. We are interested in whether landscape aesthetics adds to a pilgrimage site's 'spiritual magnetism', how this is experienced and articulated by pilgrims and other visitors, and whether this blurs the distinction between pilgrims and other visitors. Another issue is whether landscape aesthetics attract large numbers to the sites, reducing the quality of experience and environment.Drawing on an interdisciplinary perspective grounded in social and cultural geography, history and theology, this research project will examine the significance of landscape in three international case studies, reflecting and comparing different denominational practices within the Christian tradition. Each case study focuses on the landscape as a site of religious experience and repository of metaphors and journeys, exploring evolving interactions between pilgrims and landscape over time and in the present day through written accounts, visual representations, participant observation, surveys and interviews. Case Studies1. Metéora (literally 'suspended in the air'), Greece, is one of the largest monastic complexes and pilgrimage destinations of the Orthodox church, Byzantine monasteries are built on natural sandstone rock pillars several hundred meters high and are deemed to constitute one of the most evocative landscapes in the world. Largely inaccessible prior to 1923, road access has opened the monasteries to large numbers of Orthodox pilgrims and tourists. In the Orthodox tradition, pilgrimage (or proskynese) refers to the act of bowing down to an icon, or to relics, rather than the act of journeying. At the Meteora, however, proskynese cannot be divorced from moving through and gazing at the surrounding landscape. 2. The Benedictine monastery of Sacro Speco ('Holy Cave'), near the town of Subiaco in central Italy enshrines the cavern where at the end of the fifth century St Benedict lived as a hermit for three years. The monastery provides a sacred landscape engineered to evoke sites in the Holy Land and the life of St. Benedict through a complex topography of loci memoriae. The monastic complex attracts three different types of 'pilgrim': the Catholic faithful's re-activation of Benedict's life and Christian narratives; tourists' visual consumption of the scenic views from the monastery; and humanist scholars to the library of the nearby monastery of Santa Scolastica.3. The Isle of Man was a foundation site of the early Celtic church, but had little tradition of pilgrimage in the post Reformation era. The meaning and means of the recent reanimation of local pilgrimage through the 'Praying the Keeills' initiative will be explored with reference to the 1997 joint centenaries of Saints Ninian and Columbaa, Protestant and ecumenical initiatives, and the role of coastal landscapes in attracting 'pilgrims' (including non-adherents) and their experience of pilgrimage.

近年来，在人文社会科学乃至整个社会中，人们对朝圣的兴趣重新兴起。该研究项目的主要目的是为理解基督教朝圣研究中地点的重要性带来新的视角，特别关注景观作为朝圣者可视化和体验精神的镜头，以及作为朝圣本身表现的场所。虽然之前的研究已经将地点（以及人和文本）确定为朝圣的核心要素，但朝圣的空间方面是根据静态神社及其周围的建筑、神社或朝圣者的空间网络、流动和表演的空间以及作为反射“虚空”的神圣空间来构建的。虽然许多朝圣地的位置都位于风景优美的地区，但景观及其美学在“圣地”、朝圣中心的宗教和情感体验中的作用却很少受到关注。我们感兴趣的是景观美学是否增加了朝圣地的“精神吸引力”，朝圣者和其他游客如何体验和表达这种吸引力，以及这是否模糊了朝圣者和其他游客之间的区别。另一个问题是景观美学是否会吸引大量人来到这些地点，从而降低体验和环境的质量。本研究项目将借鉴社会文化地理学、历史学和神学的跨学科视角，在三个国际案例研究中审视景观的重要性，反映和比较基督教传统中不同教派的做法。每个案例研究都重点关注景观作为宗教体验场所以及隐喻和旅程的存储库，通过书面记录、视觉表现、参与观察、调查和访谈，探索朝圣者与景观之间随着时间的推移和当今不断变化的互动。案例研究1.希腊迈泰奥拉（Metéora）（字面意思是“悬浮在空中”）是最大的修道院建筑群和东正教教堂的朝圣目的地之一，拜占庭修道院建在数百米高的天然砂岩岩柱上，被认为是世界上最令人回味的景观之一。 1923 年之前，修道院基本上无法通行，但如今，修道院向大量东正教朝圣者和游客开放。在东正教传统中，朝圣（或proskynese）指的是向圣像或圣物鞠躬的行为，而不是旅行的行为。然而，在迈泰奥拉，普罗斯基尼人离不开穿行和凝视周围的风景。 2. Sacro Speco 本笃会修道院（“圣洞”）位于意大利中部苏比亚科镇附近，供奉着一个洞穴，五世纪末，圣本笃曾在此隐居三年。修道院提供了一个神圣的景观，通过复杂的地点记忆地形，让人想起圣地的遗址和圣本笃的生活。修道院建筑群吸引了三种不同类型的“朝圣者”：天主教徒重新激活本尼迪克特的生活和基督教叙事；游客对寺院景观的视觉消费；和人文学者到附近的圣斯科拉斯蒂卡修道院的图书馆。3。马恩岛是早期凯尔特教会的奠基地，但在后宗教改革时代几乎没有朝圣的传统。我们将参考 1997 年圣尼尼安和哥伦巴联合百年纪念、新教和普世倡议，以及沿海景观在吸引“朝圣者”（包括非信徒）方面的作用及其朝圣经历，探讨最近通过“为基尔祈祷”倡议复兴当地朝圣活动的意义和方式。