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Words derived from Old Norse in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: an etymological survey

《高文爵士与绿衣骑士》中源自古挪威语的词语：词源学调查

基本信息

批准号：
AH/H038477/1
负责人：
Richard Dance
金额：
$ 2.91万
依托单位：
University of Cambridge
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2011
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2011 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FH038477%2F1
关键词：
Words derived Old Norse Sir

项目摘要

The influence of Old Norse on English vocabulary is one of the great issues for historians of the English language. Together with famous accounts of sea-borne invasion and pillaging, and the enduring Scandinavian impact on names and material culture, it contributes to the potent idea of 'the Viking legacy' that still resonates so strongly in modern constructions of British identity and heritage. A large number of important English words have been ascribed an Old Norse origin by scholars, including such basic items of vocabulary as 'sky', 'egg', 'law', 'leg', 'take', 'window', 'knife', 'die' and 'skin', not to mention the personal pronouns 'they', 'their' and 'them'. But there is much about the early histories of these words, including their occurrences in medieval English literature, that should be far better understood; and the confidence with which we attribute to some of them a Scandinavian origin is in need of careful, thorough reassessment. In particular, the Scandinavian influence on the lexicon of the great medieval English literary monuments, especially those composed in the language of areas settled by Norse speakers, has never seen sustained exploration. Nowhere is the need for such an investigation more compelling than in the case of 'Sir Gawain and the Green Knight'. Despite this poem's celebrity as one of the pinnacles of Middle English literary achievement, and, what is more, though its vocabulary has frequently been held up as one of the most striking known instances of Scandinavian influence, there remains no complete survey of Norse loans in 'Sir Gawain'. My project will remedy this deficiency, and will result in a detailed, fully-annotated description of the more than four hundred words in this poem for which an origin in Norse has previously been suggested, directly or indirectly, in editions, historical dictionaries and other studies of the poem. Along the way, I shall analyse in-depth the arguments and 'tests' that scholars have applied in order to identify Norse influence upon the histories of English words, and develop a more refined system of etymological classification. My aim is therefore to present the most secure survey yet available of Norse-derived words in a major Middle English text, and a new model for the collection and description of Norse loans from any English source.

古斯堪的纳维亚语对英语词汇的影响是英语语言历史学家关注的重大问题之一。再加上著名的海上入侵和掠夺，以及斯堪的纳维亚对名字和物质文化的持久影响，它促成了“维京遗产”的有力概念，在现代英国身份和遗产的构建中仍然如此强烈地产生共鸣。许多重要的英语词汇都被学者们认为源自古斯堪的纳维亚语，包括像“sky”、“egg”、“law”、“leg”、“take”、“window”、“knife”、“die”和“skin”这样的基本词汇，更不用说人称代词“they”、“their”和“them”了。但是关于这些词的早期历史，包括它们在中世纪英语文学中的出现，我们应该更好地理解它们；我们认为其中一些人源于斯堪的纳维亚人的信心需要仔细、彻底的重新评估。特别是，斯堪的纳维亚语对中世纪英国文学巨著词汇的影响，尤其是那些用挪威人定居地区的语言创作的词汇，从未得到持续的探索。没有什么比“高文爵士与绿衣骑士”更需要这样的调查了。尽管这首诗是中世纪英语文学成就的巅峰之作之一，而且，更重要的是，尽管它的词汇经常被认为是斯堪的纳维亚影响最显著的例子之一，但在“高文爵士”中仍然没有对北欧借用的完整调查。我的项目将弥补这一缺陷，并将对这首诗中四百多个单词进行详细的、完整的注释描述，这些单词在以前的版本、历史词典和其他关于这首诗的研究中直接或间接地提出了挪威语的起源。在此过程中，我将深入分析学者们为了确定挪威语对英语单词历史的影响而应用的争论和“测试”，并开发一个更精细的词源分类系统。因此，我的目标是在主要的中世纪英语文本中提供迄今为止最可靠的挪威衍生词调查，并为收集和描述来自任何英语来源的挪威借词提供一个新模型。