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Mobility Cultures: Making a Usable Past for Transport Policy

交通文化：为交通政策创造可用的过去

基本信息

批准号：
AH/I001212/1
负责人：
Colin Divall
金额：
$ 4.3万
依托单位：
Science Museum Group
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2010 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FI001212%2F1
关键词：
Mobility Cultures Making Usable Past

项目摘要

How to move people around is an increasingly pressing political and practical issue in the UK. As well as being environmentally damaging and expensive when all the costs are counted, one person's mobility often disadvantages other people. In particular, some social groups such as the young, the elderly, and certain minority-ethnic communities suffer from a relative lack of access to local facilities or the mechanized transport needed to reach more distant ones, as well as being unfairly burdened by deaths, injuries, pollution and loss of amenity. Public debate and policy initiatives should thus benefit from the growing willingness to put the development of more socially equitable and ecologically sustainable patterns of mobility at the heart of academic research. Such studies increasingly argue that deeply held attitudes and expectations about the status, value and utility of transport make it very difficult to persuade people to move themselves in different ways, such as by public transport, let alone to cut back on their overall levels of travel. Although we make choices as individuals about transport, the values and norms that inform our decision-making are shared within social groups and generate characteristic patterns of movement and immobility. Knowing about these different mobility cultures and how they translate into travel can help to shape policies aimed at changing peoples' attitudes and choices about how they move in the future. This research would be even more powerful if it took full account of history. Mobility cultures build up over decades, with some aspects becoming more sedimented in everyday life than others. They can also be subject to quite sharp changes. For some years historians have been exploring how and why these mobility cultures develop, and how some aspects persist to inform present-day aspirations and expectations. But unfortunately there is little interchange of ideas between these scholars and researchers with an interest in understanding modern mobility cultures and their consequences for travel preferences and patterns. In sharp contrast to some European countries like the Netherlands, history has even less purchase on UK policy-makers and analysts. It is therefore time to establish a research network bringing together transport scholars, historians, policy-analysts and other like-minded inidviduals to identify and develop a 'usable past' - a cultural history of mobility that informs public debate, policy and planning as well as being valued in its own right. This network is driven primarily by need to address the challenges posed for the future of personal mobility in the UK, drawing on overseas' expertise when this helps to illuminate the UK situation. The ultimate audiences thus lie as much outside of universities, in the public, political and policy domains, as with academic colleagues. However, the initial three workshops will concentrate on building a shared language allowing academics from cultural history and transport policy to work together. The sessions will focus on: marketing im/mobility; social justice and mobility; making sense of travel identities. Each will run over two working days and involve around two dozen invited participants drawn primarily from transport studies and history and related disciplines, while also involving colleagues from the media (including museums), transport industries and policy fields. The intention is both to draw lessons from the past based on existing studies and to identify those areas of the cultural history of mobility where additional research would be of use to transport policy.

在英国，如何转移人员是一个日益紧迫的政治和实际问题。一个人的行动不便不仅会对环境造成破坏，而且成本高昂，而且往往对其他人不利。特别是，一些社会群体，如年轻人、老年人和某些少数民族社区，相对缺乏当地设施或到达更远地区所需的机械化交通，并且承受着死亡、受伤、污染和生活设施丧失的不公平负担。因此，公众辩论和政策举措应该受益于将发展更加社会公平和生态可持续的流动模式置于学术研究核心的日益增长的意愿。此类研究越来越多地表明，对交通的地位、价值和效用的根深蒂固的态度和期望使得很难说服人们以不同的方式出行，例如乘坐公共交通，更不用说减少总体出行水平了。尽管我们作为个人对交通做出选择，但影响我们决策的价值观和规范在社会群体中是共享的，并产生了运动和静止的特征模式。了解这些不同的出行文化以及它们如何转化为旅行有助于制定旨在改变人们对未来出行方式的态度和选择的政策。如果充分考虑历史，这项研究将会更加有力。移动文化经过数十年的发展，其中某些方面比其他方面在日常生活中更加根深蒂固。它们也可能会发生相当剧烈的变化。多年来，历史学家一直在探索这些流动文化如何以及为何发展，以及某些方面如何持续影响当今的愿望和期望。但不幸的是，这些有兴趣了解现代出行文化及其对旅行偏好和模式影响的学者和研究人员之间很少有思想交流。与荷兰等一些欧洲国家形成鲜明对比的是，历史对英国政策制定者和分析师的支持甚至更少。因此，现在是时候建立一个研究网络，将交通学者、历史学家、政策分析师和其他志同道合的人士聚集在一起，以识别和发展“可用的过去”——一种为公共辩论、政策和规划提供信息并本身受到重视的交通文化历史。该网络的主要驱动力是解决英国个人出行未来面临的挑战，并利用海外专业知识来阐明英国的情况。因此，最终的受众与学术同事一样，不仅存在于大学之外的公共、政治和政策领域。然而，最初的三个研讨会将集中于建立一种共享语言，使文化历史和交通政策领域的学者能够共同合作。会议将重点关注：营销/移动性；社会正义和流动性；理解旅行身份。每场活动将持续两个工作日，邀请大约二十名参与者，他们主要来自交通研究、历史和相关学科，同时也包括来自媒体（包括博物馆）、交通行业和政策领域的同事。其目的既是根据现有研究汲取过去的教训，并确定流动性文化历史中的哪些领域，额外的研究将有助于制定交通政策。