Situating Craft Guilds in the Creative Economy: Histories, Politics and Practices

手工艺行会在创意经济中的定位：历史、政治和实践

• 批准号: AH/I001778/1
• 负责人: Nicola Thomas
• 金额: $ 20.38万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF EXETER
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2012 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FI001778%2F1
• 关键词: Situating; Craft; Guilds; Creative; Economy

The currency, role and practices of craft guilds represent a significant gap in our knowledge and understanding of the contemporary creative sector. This lack of critical attention seems to imply that they are marginal, nostalgic, and anomalous, in contrast with other creative sub-sectors such as 'digital media'. Yet craft guilds display a very distinctive combination of notable characteristics: unusually longstanding and resilient, with deep historical roots and wide cultural trajectories; typically artist-maker led; specific to a particular range of practices; quality-controlled through specialised aesthetics of skill, born of long apprenticeship; spatially-defined, with primarily rural 'county' memberships of considerable size; producing work which is the most accessible form of artistic experience for millions of people. As such, their internal governance is deeply implicated in a key range of distinctions and working practices with long histories and complex politics and geographies. The research will examine both the organisation and management of guilds and their functions for their supporting membership within the craft economy. Bringing together both governance and practices, it will interrogate just how rich in contemporary relevance these are for the wider development policies of the 'creative industries', which have recently been given such high national economic priority. Attention will therefore be given to situating guilds within the formal governance of the sector at regional, national and international scales. This will include the historical context of guild organisation and the links to policy-led, sector-wide, support initiatives in the twentieth and twenty-first century. It is timely to note that the activities that the supposedly 'marginal' guilds have traditionally organised are precisely those now being aspired to in support of the 'new' broader creative industrial economy - networking, mentoring, supporting micro-businesses, promoting new markets and fostering innovation. Investigating the geographies of guild activities will address key issues here: the dynamics of networking; the sustenance of practitioner-led communities of practice; long-term mechanisms for supporting lone practitioners in peripheral areas; product and market innovation.The place of the guild in the creative life of its membership will also be examined. Historically, guild's have been understood to offer practitioners a variety of opportunities to network with their peers, display and sell their work, access continued professional development, and be part of a practitioner led network that champions their craft at a regional, national and international scale. This research will ask practitioners about the role and value of the guild in their practice over the course of their career. Given the powerful legacy of the Arts and Crafts movement with its ethos of mutuality and socialist principles, this research will seek to understand the moral and ethical politics embedded in guild members' practices. By investigating the politics of craft in a historical context, the research will seek to question and understand the implications of craft politics for contemporary guild organisations. This research will offer a historically and geographically situated analysis of contemporary guilds within the broader context of the creative industries. At present the craft industry contributes £3 billion GVA to the UK economy (with an estimated potential for further growth of 63%) and employs up 13% of people working within the creative sector (around 88,000 people) many of whom hold guild membership. There are over 100 self-defined craft guilds operating across the UK and many more guild-styled associations. The research will consider the role of contemporary craft guilds in fostering development and innovation for their members, and will bring out the value that understanding guild practices can deliver to the wider creative economy.

工艺罪恶的货币，角色和实践代表了我们对当代创意部门的知识和理解的重大差距。与其他创意子部门（例如“数字媒体”）相反，这种缺乏批判性关注似乎暗示着它们是边缘，怀旧和异常的。然而，工艺罪名表现出非常明显的特征的结合：异常长而有韧性，具有深厚的历史根源和广泛的文化轨迹；通常是艺术家领导；特定于特定的实践范围；通过长期学徒制的专业美学质量控制；经常定义，主要的“县”考虑大小的“县”成员资格；生产作品，这是数百万人的最容易获得的艺术体验形式。因此，他们的内部治理深深地牵涉到具有悠久历史，复杂政治和地理位置的关键区别和工作实践。该研究将研究公会的组织和管理及其在工艺经济中的支持会员资格的职能。汇集了治理和实践，它将询问当代与“创意产业”的广泛发展政策的富裕相关性，这些政策最近被给予了如此高的国家经济优先。因此，将注意在区域，国家和国际规模的部门政府形式中置于行会的情况下。这将包括公会组织的历史背景以及与政策主导的范围内的链接，二十世纪和二十一世纪的支持计划。及时注意到，传统上预期的“边际”公会的活动恰恰是那些现在受到启发的活动，以支持“新的”更广泛的创意工业经济 - 网络，心理，支持微型企业，支持微型企业，促进新市场并促进创新。调查行会活动的地理位置将在这里解决关键问题：网络的动态；由从业者领导的实践社区的维持；支持外围地区休息室从业者的长期机制；产品和市场创新。公会在其成员创意生活中的地位也将进行研究。从历史上看，据了解，公会可以为从业人员提供各种机会与同龄人建立联系，展示和出售他们的工作，持续的专业发展，并成为实践者LED网络的一部分，该网络在地区，国家和国际规模上倡导他们的工艺。这项研究将询问从业人员在职业生涯中行业中的作用和价值。鉴于艺术和手工艺运动的强大遗产具有相互性和社会主义原则的精神，这项研究将寻求理解公会成员实践中的道德和道德政治。通过在历史背景下调查工艺政治，该研究将寻求质疑和理解工艺政治对当代行会组织的影响。这项研究将在创意产业的更广泛背景下为当代公会提供历史和地理位置的分析。目前，手工艺行业为英国经济贡献了30亿英镑的GVA（估计有可能进一步增长63％），而在创意部门（约88,000人）中工作的员工中，有13％的员工持有公会会员资格。英国有100多个自定义的工艺罪名和更多的行会风格的协会。这项研究将考虑当代工艺罪恶在为其成员促进发展和创新方面的作用，并将阐明理解公会实践可以带给更广泛的创造性经济的价值。

项目成果

'Revisiting Production: Geographies of Making/Making Geographies' Panel member

“重新审视生产：制造的地理/制造地理”小组成员

• 作者: Thomas, N.J.

Geographies of Making, Craft and Creativity

制造、工艺和创造力的地理

• DOI: 10.4324/9781315296937-4
• 发表时间: 2018
• 作者: Thomas N

'Cooperative relations selling 'craftsmanship': The Whiteway Colonists and the Gloucestershire Guild of Craftsmen',

“销售‘手工艺’的合作关系：怀特韦殖民者和格洛斯特郡工匠协会”，

• 作者: Thomas, N.J.

Firing up craft capital: the renaissance of craft and craft policy in the United Kingdom

• DOI: 10.1080/10286632.2015.1068765
• 发表时间: 2017-07
• 期刊: International Journal of Cultural Policy
• 影响因子: 1.8
• 作者: D. Jakob;Nicola J. R. Thomas

The SAGE Handbook of Historical Geography

SAGE 历史地理学手册

• 发表时间: 2020
• 作者: Neate, H