Crafting communities of practice and interest: connecting 'online' and 'offline' making practices

打造实践和兴趣社区：连接“线上”和“线下”制作实践

• 批准号: AH/J012009/1
• 负责人: Nicola Thomas
• 金额: $ 4.08万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF EXETER
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2012 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FJ012009%2F1
• 关键词: Crafting; communities; practice; interest; connecting

This research will undertake a systematic review of practices of online/offline participation within craft related communities of practice and communities of interest. Addressing both scholarly literature and contemporary trends, this review will address the development of new cultures of communication within online/offline communities linked to craft, and the role of creativity in shaping those cultures. This project will also review the new cultural, social and economic practices in the crafting movement, in relation to online/offline practices of community building. It will analyse how the adoption of ICT tools has shaped the connections, practices and processes that constitute craft communities. These tools include the Internet, social media, Web 2.0 applications, and using digital technologies in the production of craft objects themselves. This review understands online/offline craft communities as dynamic processes, rather than static entities. It will explore the limits to distinctions between online/offline, virtual and real subjects, to show how making materially mediates these complex temporally dynamic communities. This understanding raises a number of questions: what are the distinctions and overlaps between communities of practice and interest in relation to online/offline craft? How are traditional skills appropriated by contemporary communities of practice/interest? Is there a tension between craft's emphasis on local networks and global connectivity? What are the relationships between 'virtual' communities and material products? These questions unfold in the nexus between online and offline communities and are concerned with how space, time, and materiality relate to the processes and practices of community building. The review will adopt a multidisciplinary approach to achieve three objectives: 1) a literature review to situate online and offline communities within humanities and social sciences literature. This will review how online technologies have been engaged by different craft communities over time, their relationship with economies of craft, their use to disseminate knowledge, and their role in producing new forms of making. 2) A workshop to understand emergent craft communities and practices of connecting. The study will actively engage with stakeholders and makers within the craft community. This will establish a dialogue with and between craft makers in order to think through the role of online/offline tools in craft communities. It will uncover how these engagements relate to the creative economy, and the role of intermediaries in virtual spaces that influence that engagement. 3) Theorising to connect the materialities of online and offline practices of making: the review will build on these findings to explore questions of materiality and temporality that emerge from making objects in between 'virtual' and 'real' communities.The review itself is timely: craft practices bring together people to share knowledge, encourage creative practice in everyday settings, and contribute to the creative economy. However, a critical engagement with how groups and individuals use online/offline practices to form communities, identities, and to make and to share these practices is missing. Redressing this absence is critical to answering questions about contemporary community building. Furthermore, innovative practices enabled by online tools are rapidly being adopted by craft organizations. However, their experience and successful uptake has met with mixed success. Further understanding of the benefits and limits of online interactions is needed to ensure that best practice can be developed. Furthermore, the rise of new political movements, such as 'craftivism', which use online tools to gather together activists that use knitting and embroidery to make political statements, suggest there is more to be learned about community sustainability, resilience and engagement, from the example of craft.

这项研究将对与手工艺相关的实践和感兴趣社区的在线/离线参与实践进行系统的审查。该综述将解决学术文学和当代趋势，介绍与工艺相关的在线/离线社区中新的沟通文化的发展，以及创造力在塑造这些文化中的作用。该项目还将回顾制作运动中与社区建设的在线/离线实践有关的新文化，社会和经济实践。它将分析ICT工具的采用如何塑造构成工艺社区的连接，实践和过程。这些工具包括互联网，社交媒体，Web 2.0应用程序，以及在工艺对象的生产中使用数字技术。这篇评论将在线/离线工艺社区理解为动态过程，而不是静态实体。它将探索在线/离线，虚拟和真实主题之间区分区别的局限性，以表明如何使这些复杂的时间动态社区进行实质性的调节。这种理解提出了许多问题：实践社区和与在线/离线工艺相关的兴趣之间的区别和重叠是什么？当代实践/兴趣社区如何赋予传统技能？工艺对本地网络的重视与全球连通性之间是否存在紧张关系？ “虚拟”社区与物质产品之间有什么关系？这些问题在在线和离线社区之间的联系中展开，并关注空间，时间和重要性与社区建设的过程和实践之间的关系。该评论将采用一种多学科的方法来实现三个目标：1）文献综述，在人文和社会科学文学中置于在线和离线社区。这将回顾一下随着时间的流逝，不同的手工艺社区，与工艺经济的关系，传播知识的使用以及它们在生产新形式的制作形式中的作用。 2）一个理解新兴工艺社区和连接实践的研讨会。这项研究将积极与手工艺社区内的利益相关者和制造商互动。这将与精品制造商之间的对话建立对话，以便借助在线/离线工具在手工艺社区中的作用。它将发现这些参与与创造性经济的关系，以及中介机构在影响参与度的虚拟空间中的作用。 3）理论是将在线和离线做法的重要性联系起来：审查将以这些发现为基础，以探索从“虚拟”和“真实”社区之间的物体中出现的重要性和时间性问题，审查本身是及时的：工艺实践将人们融合在一起，使人们聚集在一起，共享人们在日常设置中共享知识，并为创造性的经济做出贡献。但是，与团体和个人如何使用在线/离线实践形成社区，身份以及制作和分享这些实践的批判性参与。纠正这种缺席对于回答有关当代社区建设的问题至关重要。此外，在线工具实现的创新实践正在由手工艺组织迅速采用。但是，他们的经验和成功的吸收取得了不同的成功。需要进一步了解在线互动的收益和限制，以确保可以开发最佳实践。此外，新的政治运动的兴起，例如“工艺主义”，它们使用在线工具聚集了使用编织和刺绣来发表政治言论的激进主义者，这表明从工艺的榜样中可以了解更多关于社区可持续性，韧性和参与的知识。

项目成果

Firing up craft capital: the renaissance of craft and craft policy in the United Kingdom

• DOI: 10.1080/10286632.2015.1068765
• 发表时间: 2017-07
• 期刊: International Journal of Cultural Policy
• 影响因子: 1.8
• 作者: D. Jakob;Nicola J. R. Thomas

Crafting communities of practice and interest: connecting 'online' and 'offline' making practices, AHRC Connected Communities report

打造实践和兴趣社区：连接“线上”和“线下”制作实践，AHRC 互联社区报告

• 发表时间: 2013
• 作者: Thomas, N.J.