The English Village: culture, economy and society in the long run

这个英国村庄已经存在了一千年。在这项研究中，我将带来通过一生的学习收集的材料，以及新的研究。提供一个雄心勃勃的项目，旨在通过一种以前没有尝试过的方法，为我们对农村社会的理解做出重要贡献。我将研究并撰写两篇学术文章和第一本涵盖英国村庄长期历史的现代专著，同时考虑到其文化，经济和社会的发展。我将利用一系列过去无法同时获得的资源，以及我自己在农村社会研究方面30年的知识和经验，包括过去五年我担任维多利亚县历史主任期间的详细工作。英国村庄出现在撒克逊晚期，那时我们可以第一次识别有机社区。随着时间的推移，我们可以区分庄园、教区、城镇和其他地方化的身份，包括（特别是在北方英格兰）宫廷、王权、特许权和自由。这项研究的目的是解开这些不同的链，以建立一个模型的英语村庄随着时间的推移，这将区分村庄类型的规模和结构，经济活动，社会结构和文化亲和力，包括教区教堂的作用。我将描述并同时评估村庄结构随时间的变化，区分北方、米德兰和南方的教区和庄园，并检查，例如，庄园衰落的影响，教区在教会和民事事务中的重要性，以及近代工业化和城市化对村庄的影响，政府的作用，以及二战后村庄的重心变化我将在每个时期进行对比和比较，以评估全国各地村庄之间因经济、社会和文化经历而产生的差异，然后将这些差异与农业实践、教会的作用、庄园的影响、领主身份（居民和非居民）以及移民对村庄发展或衰落的重要性等问题联系起来。在可能的情况下，将与英国和欧洲其他地方的经验进行比较，特别考虑教区作为欧洲机构的作用，教会的影响（也许最明显的是在爱尔兰），欧洲国家在工业和城市化方面的不同经验，以及这与不同的社会和文化经验的关系。总的来说，关键问题是要了解英国村庄的经济，社会和文化，通过时间，看看它是如何发展的内部和外部压力的结果，并显示今天的村庄是如何出现的变化和压力随着时间的推移。奖学金将使我能够完成一个主要的纵向研究英国村庄在过去的千年，这将区分其在不同时期和不同地区的形式和结构，并提供详细的概述，为学者和感兴趣的读者提供对农村社会的评估，其中借鉴了一系列的来源，主要和次要的，为讨论提供信息。

The English village has existed for a millennium. In this research I will bring material collected through a lifetime of learning, together with new research. to deliver an ambitious project designed to make a critical contribution to our understanding of rural society through an approach which has not previously been attempted. I will research and write two academic articles and the first substantial modern monograph covering the long-run history of the English village, taking into account its cultural, economic and social development across time. I will do so by using a range of resources which have not in the past been available simultaneously, together with my own knowledge and experience from thirty years of research in rural society, including detailed work over the past five years while I have been Director of the Victoria County History.The English village emerged in the late Saxon period when we can first identify organic communities. Over time we can distinguish the manor, the parish, the township, and other localised identities including (particularly in northern England) palatinates, regalities, franchises and liberties. The research is designed to disentangle these different strands in such a way as to establish a model of the English village over time, which will distinguish village types in terms of size and structures, economic activities, social structures, and cultural affinities, including the role of the parish church. I shall describe and at the same time assess changes in the structure of the village through time, distinguishing between northern, midland and southern parishes and manors, and examining, for example, the impact of the decline of the manor, the importance of the parish in both ecclesiastical and civil matters, and in more recent times the impact on the village of industrialisation and urbanization, the role of government, and the changing focus of the village since the Second World War. I shall look to draw contrasts and comparisons in each period, to assess the differences between villages across the country as a consequence of their economic, social and cultural experiences, and then relate these differences to issues such as farming practice, the role of the Church, the impact of the manor, lordship (both resident and non-resident), and the importance of migration for the growth or decline of the village. Where possible, comparisons will be drawn with experiences elsewhere in Britain and Europe, taking into account particularly the role of the parish as a European institution, the impact of church (perhaps most notably in Ireland), and the differing experiences of European states in regard to industry and urbanisation, and how this has related to different social and cultural experiences. Overall, the key issue is to understand the economy, society and culture of the English village through time, to see how it developed as a result of internal and external pressures, and to show how the village of today has emerged as a result of changes and pressures over time.The Fellowship will enable me to complet a major longitudinal study of the English village over the past millennium, which will distinguish its form and structure in different periods and in different parts of the country, and provide a detailed overview that will provide both the scholar and the interested reader with an assessment of rural society which draws on a range of sources, both primary and secondary, to inform the discussion.