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Picturing Modern Ankara: 'New Turkey' in Western Imagination

描绘现代安卡拉：西方想象中的“新土耳其”

基本信息

批准号：
AH/I00470X/1
负责人：
Davide Deriu
金额：
$ 7.61万
依托单位：
University of Westminster
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2011
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2011 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FI00470X%2F1
关键词：
Picturing Modern Ankara New Turkey

项目摘要

The transformation of the small town of Ankara into the capital of the Turkish Republic is an extraordinary episode in the history of modern urbanism. After the proclamation of the Republic in 1923, Ankara (Angora) was turned into a showcase for the nation-building project led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Several European planners, architects, and artists (including Hermann Jansen, Clemens Holzmeister, Bruno Taut, Pietro Canonica, et al.) were employed to give shape to a modern town that would embody the westernising vision of the ruling elites. By the time of Atatürk's death, in 1938, Ankara had firmly established itself as the 'heart of Turkey': i.e., the geo-political and symbolic centre of the secular nation-state that had emerged from the debris of the Ottoman Empire. While the construction of the Turkish capital has been the subject of numerous historical accounts, however, its cultural representations have not been thoroughly investigated as yet.The proposed research addresses this gap in historical knowledge by exploring the following questions: How was the making of modern Ankara viewed from the West? And how did its urban imagery inform the European perception of 'New Turkey'? There is copious evidence to suggest that the rebuilding of Ankara exercised a strong hold on the Western imagination. During the 1920s and 1930s, a number of travellers were drawn to witness the rise of this European-looking town amidst the steppe of Anatolia. At a critical historical juncture, in which the geographic space of the Orient was being radically reconfigured, Ankara provided an unexpected terrain of cross-cultural encounters between East and West. While the aura of Constantinople decayed along with its imperial primacy, the allure of Ankara lay in its unique ability to encapsulate at once 'the oldest and the newest in the world' - as an eminent observer pointed out at the time. Against this background, the research aims to survey and analyse an uncharted body of sources documenting the European responses to the making of modern Ankara. These published sources include, among others, works by Grace Ellison, George Sava, José Le Boucher, Claude Farrère, Corrado Alvaro, Biagio Pace, Stephan Ronart, et al. A set of cultural theories will be mobilised in order to unpack the complex interplay between desire, recognition, and 'othering' that permeates this literature. Drawing on and developing the critical discourse on Orientalism, the research will pay particular emphasis to travel writing as a genre that is able to offer unique insights into the traveller's own culture as well as that of the subjects represented. Within this framework, travel narratives of the 'journey to Ankara' are going to be examined through a critical and comparative approach, in a bid to uncover how the modern capital inflected the European perceptions of New Turkey.The analysis of travelogues will be corroborated by a wider range of sources such as historical accounts, biographies, memoires, tourist guidebooks, newspaper articles, architectural reviews, interviews, and novels. This study will focus in particular on the spatial and architectural features that contributed to establish the symbolic place of Ankara in Western imagination. Conventional oppositions between 'East' and 'West' will be problematised through the discussion of the patterns of representation that can be observed across various authors, genres, and cultures. The critical interpretation of these texts will also be complemented by the study of visual sources such as film, photographs, and drawings, which will make the subject of a prospective exhibition. Owing to its interdisciplinary nature, the research is intended to provide a case study for the development of a methodology that might potentially become applicable to other urban and cultural contexts in the future.

安卡拉小镇转变为土耳其共和国首都是现代城市化历史上的一个非凡事件。1923年共和国宣布成立后，安卡拉（安哥拉）成为穆斯塔法·凯末尔·阿塔图尔克领导的国家建设项目的橱窗。几位欧洲规划师、建筑师和艺术家（包括赫尔曼·詹森、克莱门斯·霍尔茨迈斯特、布鲁诺·陶特、彼得罗·卡诺尼卡等）被用来塑造一个现代化的城镇，体现统治精英的西化愿景。到1938年阿塔图尔克去世时，安卡拉已经牢固地确立了自己作为“土耳其心脏”的地位：即，从奥斯曼帝国的废墟中崛起的世俗民族国家的地缘政治和象征中心。虽然土耳其首都的建设一直是许多历史帐户的主题，然而，它的文化表征还没有得到彻底的调查yest.The拟议的研究通过探索以下问题来解决这一历史知识的差距：如何从西方看现代安卡拉的制作？它的城市意象如何影响了欧洲人对“新土耳其”的看法？有大量证据表明，安卡拉的重建对西方的想象力产生了强烈的影响。在20世纪20年代和30年代，许多旅行者被吸引到安纳托利亚草原中见证这个欧洲外观的城镇的崛起。在一个关键的历史时刻，东方的地理空间正在从根本上重新配置，安卡拉为东西方之间的跨文化接触提供了一个意想不到的地形。当君士坦丁堡的光环随着其帝国的至高无上而沿着衰落时，安卡拉的吸引力在于它能够同时包容“世界上最古老和最新的东西”的独特能力--正如当时一位杰出的观察家所指出的那样。在这种背景下，研究的目的是调查和分析一个未知的机构的来源记录欧洲的反应，使现代安卡拉。这些出版的来源包括，除其他外，格雷斯埃里森，乔治萨瓦，何塞勒鲍彻，克劳德法雷尔，科拉多阿尔瓦罗，比亚焦佩斯，斯蒂芬罗纳特等人的作品。一套文化理论将被动员起来，以解开欲望，承认之间的复杂的相互作用，并渗透到这个文学“他者”。借鉴和发展对东方主义的批评话语，研究将特别强调旅行写作作为一种体裁，能够提供独特的见解，以旅行者自己的文化以及所代表的主题。在这个框架内，“安卡拉之旅”的旅行叙事将通过批判和比较的方法进行研究，以揭示现代首都如何影响欧洲人对新土耳其的看法。旅行记录的分析将通过更广泛的来源得到证实，如历史记录，传记，回忆录，旅游指南，报纸文章，建筑评论，采访和小说。这项研究将特别侧重于有助于建立安卡拉在西方想象中的象征性地位的空间和建筑特征。“东方”和“西方”之间的传统对立将通过讨论不同作者、体裁和文化中可以观察到的表征模式来解决。对这些文本的批判性解释也将通过对电影，照片和绘画等视觉资源的研究来补充，这将成为未来展览的主题。由于其跨学科的性质，研究的目的是提供一个案例研究的方法，可能成为适用于其他城市和文化背景的未来发展。