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Traces of Nitrate: History and Photography Between Britain and Chile, 1879-1914

硝酸盐的痕迹：英国和智利之间的历史和摄影，1879 年至 1914 年

基本信息

批准号：
AH/I021671/1
负责人：
Xavier Ribas
金额：
$ 33.68万
依托单位：
University of Brighton
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2012 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FI021671%2F1
关键词：
Traces Nitrate History Photography Between

项目摘要

This research project explores the histories and legacies of British investment in Chilean nitrate mines and involvement in its global trafficking. Through an examination of sites, artefacts and images, the project will trace nitrate's route from natural mineral state processed in the oficinas (works) of the Atacama desert through transported commodity and stock market exchange value to become, ultimately, part of the material and symbolic inheritances of London mansions and of estates in the capital's surrounding countryside. It undertakes new audio and visual documentation of geographically disparate but historically connected landscapes, remote nitrate fields and metropolitan financial districts, accompanied by an analysis of nitrate's material and visual culture. As a basic ingredient of both fertilizers and explosives, nitrate was intimately connected with the industrialization of life and death, yet an account of its production and trade, including the pivotal role played by British merchant houses and adventure capitalists, is quite unfamiliar beyond specific research communities devoted to Latin America economic development. Thus, the project entitled Traces of Nitrate, directly addresses a lack of historical understanding and cultural awareness of the significance of the nitrate industry by disseminating its research through a photographic exhibition, video installation, programme of public events as well as scholarly publications aimed at interest groups in and outside the university sector. Seeking to uncover the extent to which a once highly prized mineral was at the centre of the relationship between Britain and Chile between 1879 and 1914 and how, in this period between the beginning of the Pacific War and the outbreak of the First World War, it was connected to fortunes of City of London, ports of Liverpool, Pisagua and Iquique, the research will also locate nitrate within a process of globalization shaped not only by the expansion of consumer culture but also by the extraction and depletion of non-renewable resources. The 'trace' of the project's title thus refers to a process of delineation as well as to the objects of inquiry: the physical remains. Their transformation over time will be carefully mapped to create 'biographies' of nitrate artefacts, paying close attention to how mineral wealth has been collected or allowed to disappear and to the preservation or regeneration of twentieth century landscapes of finance. Sustained archival research will enable the identification of particular places and objects but these records of nitrate industry (for example, photographs within the Fondo Fotográfico Fundación Universidad de Navarra or papers of Antony Gibbs and Son, Guildhall Library) will be also scrutinized as representations that deploy categories of the 'foreign' or 'familiar', define land as a commodity or as a nation and cast the character of the financial investor or identity of nitrate miner. Assembling and analyzing these spatial, visual and material records will indicate where British and Chilean histories converge and separate allowing insights into the selective process of remembering and forgetting the past.Traces of Nitrate engages with three fields of current academic inquiry: visual cultures of colonialism; contemporary photographic practice; the material culture and heritage of conflict. Its scope is dependent upon the different expertise of Ribas (PI) and Purbrick (Co-I) in documentary photography and the interpretation of visual and material culture, respectively, and their overlapping interest in the investigation of contested spaces and unequally shared legacies. As part of the project, they will jointly supervise a doctoral student. Traces of Nitrate is conducted in collaboration with partners in Chile, Spain and Britain: Universidad UNIACC, Santiago, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Virreina Centre de la Imatge, Barcelona, Open Eye Gallery, Liverpool.

该研究项目探讨了英国对智利硝酸盐矿的投资以及参与其全球贩运的历史和遗产。通过对遗址、文物和图像的检查，该项目将追踪硝酸盐从在阿塔卡马沙漠的工厂加工的天然矿物状态，通过运输商品和股票市场交换价值，最终成为伦敦豪宅和首都周边乡村庄园物质和象征遗产的一部分的路线。它对地理上不同但历史上相连的景观、偏远的硝酸盐田和大都市金融区进行了新的音频和视觉记录，同时对硝酸盐的物质和视觉文化进行了分析。作为肥料和炸药的基本成分，硝酸盐与生死攸关的工业化密切相关，但对其生产和贸易的描述，包括英国商行和冒险资本家所发挥的关键作用，除了致力于拉丁美洲经济发展的特定研究团体之外，还相当陌生。因此，题为“硝酸盐痕迹”的项目通过摄影展览、视频装置、公共活动计划以及针对大学部门内外利益团体的学术出版物来传播其研究成果，直接解决了人们对硝酸盐工业重要性缺乏历史理解和文化意识的问题。为了揭示这种曾经非常珍贵的矿物在 1879 年至 1914 年间在英国和智利之间关系的中心程度，以及在太平洋战争开始和第一次世界大战爆发之间的这段时期，它如何与伦敦金融城、利物浦港口、皮萨瓜和伊基克的命运联系在一起，该研究还将在全球化过程中定位硝酸盐，而全球化过程不仅是由经济扩张所形成的。消费文化还受到不可再生资源的开采和枯竭的影响。因此，该项目标题的“痕迹”既指的是一个描绘的过程，也指的是探究的对象：物质遗骸。它们随着时间的推移而发生的转变将被仔细绘制，以创建硝酸盐文物的“传记”，密切关注矿产财富是如何被收集或消失的，以及二十世纪金融景观的保存或再生。持续的档案研究将能够识别特定的地点和物体，但硝酸盐工业的这些记录（例如，纳瓦拉大学冯多摄影基金会的照片或市政厅图书馆安东尼·吉布斯和儿子的论文）也将被仔细审查，因为它们部署了“外国”或“熟悉”的类别，将土地定义为商品或国家，并塑造了金融投资者或国家的特征。硝酸盐矿工的身份。组装和分析这些空间、视觉和物质记录将表明英国和智利历史在哪里交汇和分离，从而深入了解记忆和遗忘过去的选择性过程。硝酸盐的痕迹涉及当前学术探究的三个领域：殖民主义的视觉文化；当代摄影实践；物质文化和遗产的冲突。其范围取决于 Ribas（PI）和 Purbrick（Co-I）分别在纪实摄影以及视觉和物质文化解读方面的不同专业知识，以及他们在调查有争议的空间和不平等共享遗产方面的重叠兴趣。作为该项目的一部分，他们将共同指导一名博士生。《硝酸盐痕迹》是与智利、西班牙和英国的合作伙伴合作进行的：圣地亚哥 UNIACC 大学、潘普洛纳纳瓦拉大学、巴塞罗那维雷纳图像中心、利物浦 Open Eye 画廊。