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TRANSLATING AND CENSORING CULTURAL DIFFERENCE IN FRANCO'S SPAIN

佛朗哥统治下西班牙的文化差异的翻译和审查

基本信息

批准号：
AH/I022481/1
负责人：
Jordi Cornella-Detrell
金额：
$ 5.03万
依托单位：
Bangor University
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2011
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2011 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FI022481%2F1
关键词：
TRANSLATING CENSORING CULTURAL DIFFERENCE FRANCO

项目摘要

SUMMARYBetween 1939-1976, Spanish translators and publishers were subjected to harsh methods of control and surveillance which aimed at impeding or restricting the circulation of foreign ideas among the reading public. In fact, censorship left such a deep imprint on Spain's collective memory that it is often regarded as the best illustration of the lack of basic freedoms during Franco's rule. This is why until now scholars have drawn a firm line between censorship and non-censorship, equating the authoritarian regime with the purging of books and democracy with freedom of expression. Several underlying consequences follow from this premise: firstly, it limits the understanding of this practice and its effects to a specific historical period (1939-1976); secondly, it implies that censorship was exclusively imposed by the government's legal mechanisms; thirdly, it suggests that writers and publishers were engaged in an uneven struggle with the regime in which little could be gained other than trying to minimise the impact of prohibitive policies on their work. The main aim of this project is to challenge these widely accepted assumptions and explore the mechanisms by which cultures interact by focusing on the changing function of a number of texts rendered from English and published in both Franco's and democratic Spain.A case in point is Ian Fleming's Dr No, a revealing example of how the position of translations in the literary system is determined by a myriad of economic, cultural and social factors. As will be demonstrated, attempts to publish the novel were met with fierce opposition by the Spanish censors, who considered that it subverted the dominant values of the host culture and for this reason forced substantial cuts upon the editor. The effects of censorship on this text, however, did not end with the regime's demise, since two expurgated versions of Dr No were reprinted in the early 2000s and are still available in bookshops. The analysis of a number of canonical works such as Norman Mailer's The Naked and the Dead, Allan Sillitoe's Saturday Night and Sunday Morning, John Dos Passos's Parallel 42 and Muriel Spark's The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie will make apparent that Fleming's novel is by no means an exception. This project will also examine the translation and censoring of political and philosophical works, an area which has been neglected by scholars. In order to fill this important void, one chapter of the monograph will be devoted to exploring the reception of Bertrand Russell's oeuvre. The analysis of the context under which the above texts were published and the translators's choices and strategies will shed light on both the textual representation of the cultural other in Franco's Spain and the fundamental importance of foreign cultural paradigms in the post-war literary field.By examining the censorship records kept at the Archivo General de la Administración (Alcalá de Henares), comparing different renditions of the same text and analysing the context of production of a number of case studies representing different genres, this project sets out to explore the role of the censor, the publisher and the translator in the configuration of meaning and thereby to understand their role in mediating the reading process. In broad terms, the main goal of this research is twofold: on the one hand, to demonstrate the key role of translation in the Spanish cultural recovery of the 1960s; on the other, to prove that the importance of examining the impact of censorship on the Spanish publishing sector extends well beyond Franco's dictatorship, since this practice is still impinging on current cultural policies. The controversial premise of this project is that, since publishers have continued to offer excised translations to the public, censorship still plays an important function in cultural life and thereforecannot be considered a mere historical episode that has little or no relevance to the present.

摘要1939-1976年间，西班牙翻译家和出版商受到严格的控制和监视，目的是阻止或限制外国思想在阅读大众中的传播。事实上，审查制度在西班牙的集体记忆中留下了如此深刻的印记，以至于它经常被视为佛朗哥统治期间缺乏基本自由的最佳例证。这就是为什么到目前为止，学者们在审查和非审查之间划出了明确的界限，将专制政权等同于清除书籍，将民主等同于表达自由。从这一前提出发，可以得出几个基本结论：首先，它把对这一做法及其影响的理解局限于一个特定的历史时期（1939-1976）;其次，它意味着审查完全是由政府的法律的机制实施的;第三步，它表明，作家和出版商与政权进行了一场不平衡的斗争，除了尽量减少禁止性政策对他们工作的影响。本项目的主要目的是挑战这些被广泛接受的假设，并通过关注翻译成英语并在佛朗哥和民主西班牙出版的文本的功能变化来探索文化互动的机制。文化和社会因素。正如下文所述，出版这部小说的企图遭到了西班牙审查员的强烈反对，他们认为这部小说颠覆了东道国文化的主导价值观，因此被迫对编辑进行大幅删减。然而，审查制度对这本书的影响并没有随着政权的垮台而结束，因为《诺博士》的两个删节版在21世纪初被重印，现在书店里仍然可以买到。通过对诺曼·梅勒的《裸者与死者》、艾伦·西利托的《星期六晚上和星期天早上》、约翰·多斯帕索斯的《平行42》和穆里尔·斯帕克的《让·布罗迪小姐的青春》等经典作品的分析，可以看出弗莱明的小说绝不是一个例外。本项目还将研究政治和哲学著作的翻译和审查，这是一个被学者忽视的领域。为了填补这一重要空白，专着的一章将致力于探讨伯特兰罗素的全部作品的接受。通过对上述文本的出版语境以及译者的选择和策略的分析，可以揭示佛朗哥统治下的西班牙对文化他者的文本再现以及外来文化范式在战后文学领域的重要性（Alcalá de Henares），比较同一文本的不同翻译，分析代表不同流派的一些案例研究的制作背景，该项目着手探讨审查员的作用，出版者和译者在意义结构中的作用，从而理解他们在阅读过程中的作用。从广义上讲，这项研究的主要目标是双重的：一方面，证明翻译在20世纪60年代西班牙文化复苏中的关键作用;另一方面，证明审查对西班牙出版业的影响的重要性远远超出了佛朗哥的独裁统治，因为这种做法仍然在冲击当前的文化政策。这个项目有争议的前提是，由于出版商继续向公众提供删节的翻译，审查仍然在文化生活中发挥着重要作用，因此不能被认为是一个与现在几乎没有关系的历史事件。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（9）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

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