Understanding Information Quality Standards and their Challenges

了解信息质量标准及其挑战

• 批准号: AH/I022973/1
• 负责人: Luciano Floridi
• 金额: $ 21.15万
• 依托单位: University of Hertfordshire
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2011 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FI022973%2F1
• 关键词: Understanding; Information; Quality; Standards; their

The most developed post-industrial societies live by information, and Information and Communication Technologies keep them oxygenated. So the better the quality of the information exchanged, the more likely such societies may prosper. But what is information quality (IQ) exactly? This is a crucial and pressing question but, so far, our answers have been less than satisfactory. In the United States, the Information Quality Act, enacted in 2000, left undefined most key concepts. So it required the Office of Management and Budget 'to promulgate guidance to agencies ensuring the quality, objectivity, utility, and integrity of information (including statistical information) disseminated by Federal agencies'. Unsurprisingly, the guidelines have received much criticism and have been under review ever since. In the UK, some of the most sustained efforts in dealing with IQ issues have concerned the health care system. In 2001, the Kennedy Report acknowledged that: 'All health care is information driven, so the threat associated with poor information is a direct risk to the quality of healthcare service and governance in the NHS'. However, in 2004, the NHS Information Quality Assurance Consultation stressed that 'Consideration of information and data quality are made more complex by the general agreement that there are a number of different aspects to information/data quality but no clear agreement as to what these are'. Lacking a clear and precise understanding of IQ standards (such as accessibility, accuracy, availability, completeness, currency, integrity, redundancy, reliability, timeliness, trustworthiness, usability, and so forth) causes costly errors, confusion, impasse and missed opportunities. Part of the difficulty lies in constructing the right conceptual and technical framework necessary to analyse and evaluate them. Some steps have been taken to rectify the situation. The first International Conference on Information Quality was organised in 1996. In 2006, the Association of Computing Machinery launched the new Journal of Data and Information Quality. The Data Quality Summit now provides an international forum for the study of information quality strategies. Pioneering investigations and research programmes have addressed applied issues, plausible scenarios and the codification of best practices. So there is a wealth of available results that could make a difference. However, such results have had limited impact because research concerning IQ has failed to combine and cross-fertilise theory and practice. Furthermore, insufficient work has been done to promote the value-adding synthesis of academic findings and technological know-how. This knowledge transfer project seeks to bridge the gap between theoretically sound and technologically feasible studies, by bringing together the epistemological and ethical research, developed by the Principal Investigator (PI) in the philosophy of information, with the know-how of a major information service provider, Google UK. Understanding the nature of information, its qualities and dynamics has been at the core of the PI's academic research in the philosophy of information during the past decade. The knowledge transfer concerns the PI's three most recent book and several research papers (see asterisked texts in the list of relevant publications), which synthesise his studies on the philosophy of information (see CV for research impact). Sharing and complementing this existing body of knowledge, applying it to the analysis and evaluation of IQ, and enhancing it with Google UK's technical expertise in information management will make a significant difference in establishing international IQ standards. The project will build a bridge between two communities and cultures that, so far, have not interacted successfully, leading to a two-way sharing of expertise thatwill increase the value of each partner's knowledge (additionality).

最发达的后工业社会靠信息生活，信息和通信技术使它们保持氧气。因此，信息交换的质量越好，这样的社会就越有可能繁荣。什么是信息质量（IQ）？这是一个关键和紧迫的问题，但迄今为止，我们的答案并不令人满意。在美国，2000年颁布的《信息质量法》对大多数关键概念都没有定义。因此，它要求管理和预算办公室“向各机构颁布指导方针，确保联邦机构发布的信息（包括统计信息）的质量、客观性、实用性和完整性”。毫不奇怪，这些指导方针受到了很多批评，此后一直在审查中。在英国，处理智商问题的一些最持久的努力与医疗保健系统有关。2001年，肯尼迪报告承认：“所有的医疗保健都是信息驱动的，因此与信息不足相关的威胁是对NHS医疗服务质量和治理的直接风险。然而，在2004年，NHS信息质量保证协商会议强调，“由于普遍认为信息/数据质量有许多不同的方面，但对这些方面没有明确的一致意见，因此对信息和数据质量的考虑变得更加复杂”。缺乏对IQ标准（如可访问性、准确性、可用性、完整性、通用性、完整性、冗余性、可靠性、及时性、可信度、可用性等）的清晰和准确的理解会导致代价高昂的错误、混乱、僵局和错失机会。部分困难在于建立分析和评价这些问题所需的正确概念和技术框架。已采取一些措施来纠正这种情况。第一届国际信息质量会议于1996年举行。2006年，计算机协会推出了新的数据和信息质量杂志。数据质量峰会现在为研究信息质量战略提供了一个国际论坛。开拓性的调查和研究方案处理了应用问题、可能出现的情况和编纂最佳做法。因此，有大量可用的结果可以发挥作用。然而，这些结果的影响有限，因为有关智商的研究未能将理论与实践联合收割机结合起来。此外，在促进学术研究成果和技术知识的增值综合方面也没有做足够的工作。这一知识转让项目旨在弥合理论上合理的研究与技术上可行的研究之间的差距，将主要研究员在信息哲学方面开展的认识论和伦理研究与主要信息服务提供商Google UK的专门知识结合起来。在过去的十年里，理解信息的本质、质量和动态一直是PI在信息哲学领域学术研究的核心。知识转移涉及PI最近的三本书和几篇研究论文（参见相关出版物列表中的标注文本），这些论文综合了他对信息哲学的研究（参见研究影响的简历）。分享和补充现有的知识体系，将其应用于智商的分析和评估，并利用谷歌英国在信息管理方面的技术专长来增强它，将在建立国际智商标准方面产生重大影响。该项目将在迄今为止尚未成功互动的两个社区和文化之间架起一座桥梁，促成双向分享专门知识，从而增加每个伙伴的知识价值（额外性）。

项目成果

The Philosophy of Information Quality

信息质量的哲学

• DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-07121-3_2
• 发表时间: 2014
• 作者: Illari P

What is information quality?

什么是信息质量？

• DOI: 10.5840/tpm20136149
• 发表时间: 2013
• 期刊: The Philosophers' Magazine
• 作者: Floridi L

Information Quality

信息质量

• DOI: 10.1007/s13347-013-0101-3
• 发表时间: 2013
• 期刊: Philosophy & Technology
• 作者: Floridi L