Free-reins and guiding-hands: Iron Age and early Roman chariot fittings from western and central Britain
自由缰绳和指导手:来自英国西部和中部的铁器时代和早期罗马战车配件
基本信息
- 批准号:AH/I023929/1
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 6.91万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:英国
- 项目类别:Training Grant
- 财政年份:2011
- 资助国家:英国
- 起止时间:2011 至 无数据
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
The project is for a new study of Iron Age and early Roman chariot terrets (rein-guides) in western and central Britain. These highly variable and frequently decorated fittings on chariot yokes are almost wholly an insular phenomenon and trace their origins to the late Bronze Age. Only a handful of comparable finds are known from Ireland and the European mainland, most or all probably exports from Britain. Excluding coins and brooches, the terret is also the commonest form of copper-alloy artefact surviving from Iron Age Britain and the most abundant type of horse trapping. They also occur regularly in contexts dating to the first and second centuries AD and it is clear that Roman expansion gave a new and widespread impetus amongst Iron Age communities for their manufacture, use for display and discard through votive use. Given their evident potential for generating insights into issues such as changing social and regional identities, martial display and conflict, long-distance contacts and transport, and acculturation following the Roman invasion, terrets have received surprisingly little attention since Leeds (1933) devised a basic classification. The last reference studies were undertaken over 35 years ago, but in the context of wider reappraisals of 'Celtic' art in Britain (Spratling 1972; MacGregor 1976). These utilised <25% of the terrets now known and were further restricted both by their geographical remit (southern and northern Britain respectively) and overdependence on material from a chronologically limited range of hoard and burial finds. Despite a somewhat larger sample of finds (still <50%), similar limitations apply to Palk's (1988) unpublished PhD on horse trappings.In the last two decades, especially since 1997 when the PAS was established, terret finds have more than doubled, with over 600 excavated and detected finds recorded on the database produced by the recent AHRC 'Technologies of Enchantment' project. These include distinctive new varieties and significant new clusters of finds in regions like Wales, the East and West Midlands and Yorkshire, which previously had relatively few examples (Worrell 2007). We estimate that the total is now 700-800 and likely to be more representative of the range of chronological and geographical variation in terret types than the sample previously available. At the same time, there is now independent dating evidence for some key closed finds containing terrets (Garrow et al 2009), whilst metal analysis has identified apparent compositional differences between many central British terrets from first/second century AD contexts and those of earlier manufacture (Dungworth 1996).Together, these data will permit a more refined typo-chronology to be constructed for terrets. They will allow their presence in different regions, at different types of sites and landscape contexts, and recurrent associations with other chariot fittings and types of objects to be analysed. In order to keep the project manageable for a PhD, the principal focus for new data collection and analysis will be western and central Britain, as the zone which received least attention in previous studies, but finds from East Anglia (which yielded 53% of all new terrets recorded by PAS up to 2004), central southern England, south eastern England, northern England and Scotland will be drawn on as appropriate for comparative analysis. Through the detailed study and interpretation of these distinctive objects, the project will (1) open up important new avenues of research into themes such as social and martial display in Iron Age Britain; the character and organization of production; the exchange of goods and ideas; and the changing expression of identities and beliefs across the Iron Age-Roman divide; (2) provide additional context for AC-NMW collections and other museums with horse trappings in the
这个项目是对铁器时代和早期罗马时期在英国西部和中部的战车上的陆龟进行的一项新研究。这些高度可变和频繁装饰的战车轭上的配件几乎完全是一种孤立的现象,它们的起源可以追溯到青铜时代晚期。在爱尔兰和欧洲大陆发现的类似的化石屈指可数,大部分或全部可能是从英国出口的。除硬币和胸针外,泰瑞也是铁器时代英国遗留下来的最常见的铜合金人工制品,也是数量最多的诱捕马匹的工具。它们也经常出现在公元一世纪和二世纪的背景下,很明显,罗马的扩张给铁器时代的社区带来了新的和广泛的动力,用于制造、展示和通过献祭而丢弃。考虑到它们在诸如社会和地区身份的变化、军事表现和冲突、远距离接触和运输以及罗马入侵后的文化适应等问题上的明显潜力,自利兹(1933)设计出一个基本分类以来,令人惊讶的是,它们很少受到关注。最后的参考研究是在35年前进行的,但在英国对“凯尔特”艺术进行更广泛的重新评估的背景下(Spratling 1972; MacGregor 1976)。它们使用了目前已知的不到25%的陆龟,并且由于它们的地理范围(分别为英国南部和北部)以及过度依赖于年代有限的窖藏和埋葬发现的材料而进一步受到限制。尽管发现的样本更大一些(仍然<50%),但类似的局限性也适用于Palk(1988)未发表的关于马饰的博士论文。在过去的二十年里,特别是自1997年PAS成立以来,发现的土蚁数量增加了一倍多,最近由AHRC“魔法技术”项目创建的数据库中记录了600多个挖掘和检测到的发现。这些包括在威尔士、东、西米德兰兹和约克郡等地区发现的独特的新品种和重要的新集群,这些地区以前的样本相对较少(Worrell 2007)。我们估计现在的总数是700-800只,可能比以前的样本更能代表时间和地理变化范围。与此同时,现在有独立的年代证据表明,一些关键的封闭发现含有terterts (Garrow etal . 2009),而金属分析已经确定了许多来自公元一/二世纪的英国中部terterts与早期制造的terterts之间的明显成分差异(Dungworth 1996)。总之,这些数据将使我们能够为土鳖构建一个更精确的类型年表。它们将允许它们出现在不同的地区,不同类型的地点和景观环境中,并与其他战车配件和物体类型的反复联系进行分析。为了保持项目对博士学位的可管理性,新数据收集和分析的主要焦点将是英国西部和中部,因为在以前的研究中受到最少关注的区域,但来自东安格利亚的发现(到2004年,PAS记录的所有新terterts中有53%来自东安格利亚),英格兰中南部,英格兰东南部,英格兰北部和苏格兰将被适当地用于比较分析。通过对这些独特物品的详细研究和解读,该项目将(1)为研究英国铁器时代的社会和军事展示等主题开辟重要的新途径;生产的性质和组织;交换:货物和思想的交换;以及跨越铁器时代和罗马时代的身份和信仰表达的变化;(2)为AC-NMW收藏品和其他博物馆提供额外的背景
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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Colin Haselgrove其他文献
Colin Haselgrove的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Colin Haselgrove', 18)}}的其他基金
Collaborative Doctoral 2010 Grant - A new study of the penannular brooch in Britain
2010 年合作博士补助金 - 对英国半岛胸针的一项新研究
- 批准号:
AH/I505431/1 - 财政年份:2010
- 资助金额:
$ 6.91万 - 项目类别:
Training Grant
Collaborative Doctoral 2010 Grant - A study of late Hallstatt and early-middle La Tène brooches in Britain
2010 年合作博士补助金 - 对英国哈尔施塔特晚期和中早期 La Tène 胸针的研究
- 批准号:
AH/I505466/1 - 财政年份:2010
- 资助金额:
$ 6.91万 - 项目类别:
Training Grant
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