Socio-Economic Change, Contested Memories and the Cultural Re-configuration of Hull since the Decline of Distant-Water Trawling

在二十世纪前四分之三的时间里，尽管受到两次世界大战、大萧条的冲击以及20世纪50年代和60年代沿海国家领海的扩大，蒸汽拖网捕鱼仍然是赫尔经济和社会的一个重要方面。然而，在十年的时间里，由于共同渔业政策(1972)施加的限制、1973年和1974年石油危机期间燃料价格的上涨以及1976年冰岛将领土限制扩大到200英里，这些因素共同削弱了拖网捕鱼业的生存能力，赫尔对捕鱼的兴趣急剧下降。到20世纪80年代中期，赫尔几乎已经处理掉了它的拖网渔船船队，几十年来，该船队一直是欧洲最大和最具生产力的船队之一。研究将评估1970年左右远洋拖网捕鱼业的收缩对赫尔的社会和经济状况以及城市文化地理的影响，因为经济变化和当地规划政策疏散了该地区的贫民窟住房，分散了紧密聚集的渔业社区和相关群体。特别是，这项研究将考虑这些变化如何影响前渔业社区、赫尔其他群体以及更正式的、官方的赫尔身份表述中对这座城市及其历史的看法。它还将解决赫尔对该行业及其遗产的社会记忆是如何被争议和随后重新处理的。这将有助于我们更好地了解拖网捕鱼行业对赫尔的社会和文化背景的影响，了解赫尔拖网捕鱼的过去如何塑造其在‘拖网渔城’居民和其他地方的人眼中的形象，以及在赫尔海事博物馆过去、现在和未来的展览中展示渔业的情况。在关注一个经历了快速、深刻变化的行业时，这项研究将评估从事拖网捕捞的各个机构所采取的战略。虽然一些集团离开了这个行业，但另一些集团搬到国外从事不同的渔业工作，另一些集团则多元化经营，进入鱼类加工、商业和零售领域。在经济衰退时期，这种适应性策略的成功与否具有当代意义，尤其是在赫尔，该地区往往比大多数地区更容易受到商业衰退的影响。这项研究的另一个方面将是自20世纪60年代以来参与赫尔拖网捕鱼业的人的回忆。将采访拖网渔船船东、拖网渔船船长、‘甲板’、技术专家、当地政客和发展机构人员，以了解‘捕鱼界’对其企业的重大转型、对他们以前紧密联系的社区的看法，以及他们随后对生活方式、身份和记忆的改变，远离渔港周围的空间集中。船体海事博物馆是对这一行业、其社区及其历史最重要的公民表达。海事博物馆的目标是在未来几年内重新设计其关于远洋拖网捕鱼业的永久展览。首先，他们需要确定哪些主题和主题在他们当前的展览和收藏中被省略，以及哪些额外的主题应该在重新设计的展览中包括或重新强调。因此，这项研究将直接应用于赫尔远洋拖网捕鱼业的表现，相关的社会和文化地理，以及围绕这个社区及其失落的行业的持续记忆和纪念问题。在短期内，这项研究将通过项目网站向公众开放，并将在未来几年内在赫尔海事博物馆举办临时展览。

For the first three-quarters of the twentieth century, steam trawling remained an important facet of Hull's economy and society, despite the shocks of the two world wars, the Great Depression and the extension of the territorial waters of coastal states during the 1950s and 1960s. In the space of a decade, however, Hull's interest in catching fish contracted dramatically as the restrictions imposed by the Common Fisheries Policy (1972), the increase in fuel prices during the oil crises of 1973 and 1974, and the extension of Iceland's territorial limits to 200 miles in 1976 combined to undermine the trawling industry's viability. By the mid-1980s, Hull had virtually disposed of its trawling fleet, which had for decades been one of the largest and most productive in Europe.The research will assess the extent to which the contraction of the distant-water trawling industry from c. 1970 impacted upon the social and economic profile of Hull, and upon the cultural geographies of the city as the tightly-clustered fishing community and associated groups of West Hull were dispersed by economic change and local planning policies to clear the area's slum housing. In particular, the study will consider how the these changes impacted upon the perceptions of the city and its histories amongst the former fishing communities, other groups in Hull and the more formal, 'official' articulations of Hull's identity. It will also address how Hull's social memories of this industry and its legacies have been contested and re-worked subsequently. This will improve our understanding of the influence of the trawling industry on Hull's social and cultural complexion, the ways in which Hull's trawling past has shaped its image in the gaze of those who live in 'trawlertown' and people from elsewhere, and the representation of the fisheries in the past, present and future displays of Hull Maritime Museum. In focusing on an industry that experienced rapid, profound change, the research will assess the strategies adopted by the various agencies engaged in trawling. While some groups left the business, others moved abroad to work in different fisheries, and others diversified into fish processing, merchanting and retailing. The success or otherwise of such adaptive strategies has contemporary relevance in a period of economic recession, especially in Hull, which tends to suffer more than most areas from commercial downturns. A further aspect of the study will be the recollections of those involved in Hull's trawling industry since the 1960s. Trawler owners, trawler skippers, 'deckies', technical experts, local politicians and development agency personnel will be interviewed to gauge the views of the 'fishing community' on the major transformations of their businesses, upon their formerly tight-knit community, and upon their subsequent changes to lifestyle, identity and memory away from the spatial concentration around the fishing dock. Hull Maritime Museum is the most important civic articulation of this industry, its communities and their histories. The Maritime Museum aims to re-work its permanent exhibition on the distant-water trawling industry in the next few years. First, they need to establish what themes and topics are elided in their current exhibit and collections, and which additional themes should be included or re-emphasised in the re-vamped exhibition. This research will therefore find direct application in the representation of Hull's distant-water trawling industry, to its associated social and cultural geographies, and to the continuing issues of memory and commemoration that surrounds this community and their lost industry. In the shorter-term, this research will be accessible to the public through the project website, and it will form the basis of a temporary exhibition to be held at Hull Maritime Museum in the course of t