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AHRC-NSF MoU: Metallurgical Practice, Technology and Social Organisation during the Middle to Late Bronze Age in the Southern Urals, Russia

AHRC-NSF 谅解备忘录：俄罗斯乌拉尔南部青铜时代中晚期的冶金实践、技术和社会组织

基本信息

批准号：
AH/I500650/1
负责人：
Roger Doonan
金额：
$ 9.37万
依托单位：
University of Sheffield
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2010 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FI500650%2F1
关键词：
AHRC NSF MoU Metallurgical Practice

项目摘要

AHRC-NSF MOU: Metallurgical Practice, Technology and Social Organization during the Middle to Late Bronze Age (2100 to 1500 BC) in the Southern Urals, RussiaPI, USA: Dr Bryan Hanks, University of Pittsburgh, Dept. of Anthropology [bkh5@pitt.edu]Co-PI, UK: Dr Roger Doonan, University of Sheffield, Dept. of Archaeology [r.doonan@sheffield.ac.uk]This project proposal builds on productive, existing research collaboration (NSF grant # 0726279) between the University of Pittsburgh (USA), University of Sheffield (UK), Chelyabinsk State University (Russia), Chelyabinsk State Pedagogical Institute (Russia) and Ural State University (Russia). The project team has been engaged in archaeological field research since the summer of 2007 through the Stepnoye Collaborative Archaeological Research Project (SCARP). This project will be completed in May 2010 and at this stage only post-excavation analysis of the 2009 summer field season remains to be completed and reported. Our proposed two-year extension program of research will build on this important collaborative work and will be undertaken from June 2010 through May 2012.The new research aims to further investigate the nature of copper metallurgy and socio-economic organization as practiced by Bronze Age communities who inhabited the Southern Russian steppe from the Middle to Late Bronze Age phases (2100 to 1500 BC). This project will focus on the Bronze Age settlements of Stepnoye and Ust'ye and undertake: 1) geochemical survey, 2) targeted small-scale excavation, 3) additional site catchment study and 4) the comparative analysis of archaeometallurgical materials and associated features.A more intensive focus on the nature and micro-regional contexts of metallurgical production is justified as many scholars have tied copper production to both extensive regional and inter-regional trade and societal conflict, which in turn has afforded the role of metallurgy a powerful position in models that seek to explain the emergence and decline of the Sintashta archaeological pattern in north central Eurasia. Being viewed as an ever-present feature of Sintashta sites, metallurgy has factored significantly into explanations that address the emergence of social inequality and regional hierarchies.The refined research questions pursued through this project include:1) to what extent does the evidence for metal production from the Stepnoye and Ust'ye settlements support the concept of a uniform Sintashta metallurgical tradition?2) Was the scale of production and spatial organization of metallurgy similar at Stepnoye and Ust'ye during the Sintashta period and is there evidence for a shift in technological practices and resource procurement strategies at Ust'ye between the Sintashta (MBA) and Petrovka (LBA) phases?3) What does lead isotope analysis of metal goods (from both cemetery and settlement contexts at Stepnoye and Ust'ye) indicate about the continuity of resource exploitation and metal circulation from the Middle to Late Bronze Age in terms of more defined local vs. larger regional procurement and exchange? What are the implications of such data for modelling regional economic development and how does this connect with wider systems of exchange and social, political and economic integration? The intellectual merits of our research target both persistent anthropological questions relating to the interface between regional socio-economic development, technological practice and social organization and more specific questions connected with social change during the Middle to Late Bronze Age in north central Eurasia. Metal production and consumption are frequently tied to models of social and economic development in Eurasia during the late prehistoric period. Yet, very little is actually known about where and how regional ores were being exploited, how regional social organization varied in connection with metallurgy as a segmented process, and to what degree local and regional variability in copper smelting and metal production technologies developed. The broader impacts of this project build on a highly successful and already established collaborative program of study between individuals and institutions in the United States of America, United Kingdom and Russia. Moreover, our current and proposed research has as one of its principal aims the integration and training of students in both archaeological fieldwork and laboratory analysis. Since 2007, several students have gained significant field and laboratory training and several MA and PhD thesis and dissertation projects have been supported. In addition, the implementation of more intensive excavation techniques (including sieving and flotation) and remote sensing methods (geophysics, soil geochemistry and GIS technology) has been promoted at several Bronze Age sites within the Southern Urals region.

AHRC-NSF谅解备忘录：冶金实践，技术和社会组织在中晚期青铜时代（公元前2100年至1500年）在南乌拉尔，俄罗斯PI，美国：布赖恩汉克斯博士，匹兹堡大学，系。[bkh5@pitt.edu]联合主要研究者，英国：罗杰·杜南博士，谢菲尔德大学，sheffield.ac.uk本项目建议书建立在匹兹堡大学（美国）、谢菲尔德大学（英国）、车里雅宾斯克州立大学（俄罗斯）、车里雅宾斯克州立教育学院（俄罗斯）和乌拉尔州立大学（俄罗斯）之间富有成效的现有研究合作（NSF资助# 0726279）的基础上。该项目小组自2007年夏天以来一直通过斯泰普诺耶合作考古研究项目（SCARP）从事考古实地研究。该项目将于2010年5月完成，现阶段只有2009年夏季实地调查季节的挖掘后分析尚待完成和报告。我们提出的为期两年的研究扩展计划将建立在这一重要的合作工作，并将从2010年6月至2012年5月进行。新的研究旨在进一步调查铜冶金和社会经济组织的性质，如青铜时代社区谁居住在俄罗斯南部草原从青铜时代中期到晚期阶段（公元前2100年至1500年）。该项目将侧重于青铜时代的斯泰普诺耶和乌斯季耶定居点，并开展以下工作：1）地球化学调查，2）有针对性的小规模挖掘，3）额外的现场集水研究和4）考古材料和相关特征的比较分析。冶金生产的区域背景是合理的，因为许多学者将铜生产与广泛的区域和区域间贸易以及社会冲突联系在一起，这反过来又使冶金学在试图解释欧亚大陆中北部辛塔什塔考古模式的出现和衰落的模型中占据了强有力的地位。冶金学被视为辛塔什塔遗址的一个永恒特征，在解释社会不平等和地区等级制度的出现时，冶金学起了重要作用。通过本项目进行的精细研究问题包括：1）斯泰普诺耶和乌斯特耶定居点的金属生产证据在多大程度上支持统一的辛塔什塔冶金传统的概念？2)斯泰普诺耶和乌斯季耶在辛塔什塔时期的生产规模和冶金的空间组织是否相似，是否有证据表明乌斯季耶在辛塔什塔（MBA）和彼得罗夫卡（LBA）阶段之间的技术实践和资源采购战略发生了转变？3)金属物品的铅同位素分析（来自斯泰普诺耶和Ust'ye的墓地和定居点）表明，从更明确的地方采购和交换与更大的区域采购和交换的角度来看，从青铜时代中期到晚期，资源开采和金属流通的连续性如何？这些数据对模拟区域经济发展有何影响，以及这与更广泛的交换系统以及社会、政治和经济一体化有何联系？我们的研究目标的智力优势，既持久的人类学问题有关的区域社会经济发展，技术实践和社会组织之间的接口和更具体的问题与社会变革在中晚期青铜时代在欧亚大陆中北部。金属生产和消费经常与史前晚期欧亚大陆的社会和经济发展模式联系在一起。然而，人们实际上对区域矿石的开采地点和方式知之甚少，区域社会组织如何在冶金作为一个分段过程方面发生变化，以及铜冶炼和金属生产技术的地方和区域变化程度如何。该项目的更广泛影响建立在美利坚合众国，英国和俄罗斯的个人和机构之间非常成功和已经建立的合作学习计划的基础上。此外，我们目前和拟议中的研究作为其主要目标之一，在考古实地考察和实验室分析的学生的整合和培训。自2007年以来，几名学生获得了重要的实地和实验室培训，并支持了几个硕士和博士论文和论文项目。此外，在南乌拉尔地区的几个青铜时代遗址，还推广了更密集的挖掘技术（包括筛分和浮选）和遥感方法（土壤物理学、土壤地球化学和地理信息系统技术）。