ASSESSING DIET CANCER ASSOCIATION IN NATIVE AMERICANS

准确评估日常饮食摄入量对于了解 饮食与癌症流行病学、生物学、控制 和预防对于美洲原住民来说，这种定量信息是 有限公司饮食数据的应用，确实存在的土著 美国人对癌症的研究受到几个因素的限制：（1）大多数 报告是基于短期摄入量;（2）文化差异， 分量大小不被认为是一个重要的变量;（3） 微量营养素摄入量没有报告;（4）某些人的微量营养素含量 季节性食用的野生食物是未知的;（5）保留地间的饮食 多样性限制了将结果从一个群体扩展到 另在一些社区内，文化和经济差异， 食物的选择，可获得性，准备，加工技术， 适当的部分大小，和食物分类系统损害 食物频率问卷（FFQs）的适用性和有效性 全国性的调查。 美国原住民的饮食正在发生变化，癌症正在迅速成为一种 这一少数民族人口严重的健康问题;发病率和 年龄调整的宫颈癌、胃癌和胆囊癌死亡率 在美洲原住民中， 我们所有种族。基于FFQ的饮食癌流行病学研究 美洲原住民群体中的协会因缺乏 文化上适当的饮食评估工具。这个项目的目标 是为了提高我们对饮食与癌症关系的理解， 在美洲原住民中，通过开发一种饮食评估技术， 让美国原住民能够准确地报告他们平时的食物摄入量。 与西南部的部落合作，项目目标是（1）使用 定性（焦点小组）和定量技术（多个24小时 开发有效、可靠和文化上胜任的FFQ模板 这可以是“文化特定的”适应，（2）设计和测试手册 其中概述了文化适应FFQ模板的步骤，以及（3） 开发支持性的计算机分析程序，以评估营养摄入量 相对于癌症风险。这些工具有望改善基于FFQ的 饮食癌症协会的流行病学研究，并将协助 预防肿瘤学的设计、实施、监测和评价 美国原住民的干预。 这项研究建议将是一项为期五年的 学术奖。作为美国大学医学院的一名教员， 亚利桑那州公共卫生研究生课程，调查员将 将从这一经验中获得的信息和观点纳入其中， 现有的和新开发的课程和实习， 和公共卫生学生。调查员将加强她自己的 教育与继续课程工作在先进的流行病学，生物学， 癌症和民族植物学

Accurate assessment of usual dietary intake is critical to understanding the relationship between diet and cancer epidemiology, biology, control and prevention. For Native Americans, such quantitative information is limited. The application of dietary data that does exist for Native Americans to cancer studies is restricted by several factors: (1) most reports are based on short-term intake; (2) cultural differences in portion sizes has not been considered a significant variable; (3) micronutrient intake is not reported; (4) micronutrient content of some seasonally consumed wild foods is unknown; and (5) inter-reservation diet diversity limits the validity of extending results from one population to another. Within some communities, cultural and economic differences in food choices, availability, preparation, processing techniques, appropriate portion sizes, and food classification systems impair the applicability and validity of food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) used in nationwide surveys. The Native American diet is changing and cancer is rapidly becoming a significant health problem for this minority population; incidence and age-adjusted mortality rates of cervical, stomach and gallbladder cancer among Native Americans are two to twenty times higher than that reported for US all races. FFQ-based epidemiologic studies of diet-cancer associations in Native American populations are crippled by the absence of culturally appropriate dietary assessment tools. The goal of this project is to improve our understanding of diet-cancer associations as observed among Native Americans, by developing a dietary assessment technique which allows Native Americans to accurately report their usual food intake. Working with tribes in the Southwest, project aims are (1) to use qualitative (focus groups) and quantitative techniques (multiple 24hr recalls) to develop valid, reliable and culturally competent FFQ templates that can be "culture specific" adapted, (2) to design and test a manual which outlines steps for culturally adapting the FFQ templates, and (3) to develop supportive computer analyses programs to assess nutrient intake relative to cancer risks. These tools promise to improve FFQ-based epidemiologic studies of diet-cancer associations and will assist in the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of preventive oncology interventions among Native Americans. This proposal for research will be the major component of a five-year Academic Award. As a faculty member in the UA College of Medicine and the Arizona Graduate Program in Public Health, the investigator will incorporate information and perspectives developed from this experience, into preexisting and newly developed courses and internships for medical and public health students. The investigator will enhance her own education with continued course work in advanced epidemiology, biology of cancer and ethnobotany.