DRUG ABUSE AND IMPULSIVITY--TESTS OF AN ANIMAL MODEL

描述（申请人摘要）： 该项目的总体目标是开发一种灵敏、精确的 定义了冲动行为的动物模型。 该模型基于 假设冲动的人对延迟相对不敏感， 和/或不确定的后果（奖励和惩罚者）。 贬值 延迟和/或不确定的后果导致冲动的人 相对而言，更容易受到直接后果的影响。 模型 以“贴现”价值衡量对后果的敏感性， 冲动的人会低估延迟和/或不确定的价值， 奖励者和惩罚者比不冲动的人多。 在动物 评估延迟和/或不确定后果的价值 在大鼠中定量。 提出了八个实验来评估 贴现程序的可靠性和有效性。 为了验证 模型，导致人类冲动行为的操纵将是 测试. 因此，5-羟色胺（5-HT）损伤的影响; 安非他明、乙醇和地西泮将在所有8个实验中测试。 实验1和2是对照实验，将评估可靠性 不同的奖励和惩罚。 是 预测5 HT病变和药物不会影响贴现， 实验1和2，因为这些实验不涉及延迟或延迟。 不确定性 实验3和实验4检查了以下值的贴现： 奖励和惩罚延迟的后果。 实验5和6检查 不确定性对奖励和惩罚后果的贴现。 实验7和8考察了奖励和惩罚的折扣 延迟和不确定性的结合。 据预测 5-HT损伤和安非他明、乙醇和地西泮会增加 在实验3、4、5、6、7和8中贴现。 建立动物模型 人类冲动行为的研究将使研究人员更系统地 探索冲动行为的神经化学和药理学基础。

DESCRIPTION (Applicant's Abstract): The overall goal of this project is to develop a sensitive, precisely defined animal model of impulsive behavior. The model is based on the assumption that impulsive individuals are relatively insensitive to delayed and/or uncertain consequences (rewards and punishers). Devaluation of delayed and/or uncertain consequences causes impulsive individuals to be relatively more influenced by immediate certain consequences. The model measures sensitivity to consequences in terms of "discounted" value such that impulsive individuals discount the value of delayed and/or uncertain rewards and punishers more then nonimpulsive individuals. In the animal model the value of delayed and/or uncertain consequences is assessed quantitatively in rats. Eight experiments are proposed to asses the reliability and validity of the discounting procedure. In order to validate the model, manipulations which cause impulsive behaviors in humans will be tested. Thus, the effects of serotonin (5HT) lesions; and administration of amphetamine, ethanol and diazepam will be tested in all 8 experiments. Experiments 1 & 2 are control experiments which will assess the reliability of the procedure with different amounts of reward and punishment. It is predicted that 5HT lesions and drugs will not affect discounting in Experiments 1 & 2 because these experiments do not involve delay or uncertainty. Experiments 3 & 4 examine discounting of the value of rewarding and punishing consequences by delay. Experiments 5 & 6 examine discounting of rewarding and punishing consequences by uncertainty. Experiments 7 & 8 examine discounting of rewarding and punishing consequences by the combination of delay and uncertainty. It is predicted that 5HT lesions and amphetamine, ethanol, and diazepam will increase discounting in experiments 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, & 8. Establishing an animal model of impulsive human behavior will enable researchers to more systematically explore the neurochemical and pharmacological basis of impulsive behavior.