DRUG ABUSE AND IMPULSIVITY--TESTS OF AN ANIMAL MODEL

描述(申请人摘要)： 这个项目的总体目标是开发一种敏感的、准确的 确定了冲动行为的动物模型。该模型基于 假设冲动的个体对延迟相对不敏感 和/或不确定的后果(奖惩)。人民币贬值 延迟和/或不确定的后果会导致冲动的人 相对更多地受到直接确定的后果的影响。模型 以“贴现”价值衡量对后果的敏感度 冲动的人对延迟的和/或不确定的价值贴现 奖励和惩罚的人比不冲动的人多。在动物身上 对延迟和/或不确定后果的价值进行评估 在大鼠体内进行定量检测。提出了八个实验来评估 折扣程序的可靠性和有效性。为了验证 在模型中，导致人类冲动行为的操作将是 测试过。因此，5-羟色胺(5-羟色胺)损伤的影响；以及给药 安非他明、乙醇和安定将在所有8个实验中进行测试。 实验1和实验2为对照实验，将评估其可靠性 不同奖罚额的程序。它是 预测5HT病变和药物不会影响折扣 实验1和实验2，因为这些实验不涉及延迟或 不确定性。实验3和实验4检验了价值的折现 通过拖延来奖励和惩罚后果。实验5和实验6检验 不确定因素对奖惩后果的贴现。 实验7和实验8检验奖励和惩罚的折扣 由于延误和不确定性的共同作用而产生的后果。据预测， 5-羟色胺损伤和安非他明、乙醇和安定会增加 实验3、4、5、6、7、8.建立动物模型 人类冲动行为的研究将使研究人员能够更系统地 探索冲动行为的神经化学和药理学基础。

DESCRIPTION (Applicant's Abstract): The overall goal of this project is to develop a sensitive, precisely defined animal model of impulsive behavior. The model is based on the assumption that impulsive individuals are relatively insensitive to delayed and/or uncertain consequences (rewards and punishers). Devaluation of delayed and/or uncertain consequences causes impulsive individuals to be relatively more influenced by immediate certain consequences. The model measures sensitivity to consequences in terms of "discounted" value such that impulsive individuals discount the value of delayed and/or uncertain rewards and punishers more then nonimpulsive individuals. In the animal model the value of delayed and/or uncertain consequences is assessed quantitatively in rats. Eight experiments are proposed to asses the reliability and validity of the discounting procedure. In order to validate the model, manipulations which cause impulsive behaviors in humans will be tested. Thus, the effects of serotonin (5HT) lesions; and administration of amphetamine, ethanol and diazepam will be tested in all 8 experiments. Experiments 1 & 2 are control experiments which will assess the reliability of the procedure with different amounts of reward and punishment. It is predicted that 5HT lesions and drugs will not affect discounting in Experiments 1 & 2 because these experiments do not involve delay or uncertainty. Experiments 3 & 4 examine discounting of the value of rewarding and punishing consequences by delay. Experiments 5 & 6 examine discounting of rewarding and punishing consequences by uncertainty. Experiments 7 & 8 examine discounting of rewarding and punishing consequences by the combination of delay and uncertainty. It is predicted that 5HT lesions and amphetamine, ethanol, and diazepam will increase discounting in experiments 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, & 8. Establishing an animal model of impulsive human behavior will enable researchers to more systematically explore the neurochemical and pharmacological basis of impulsive behavior.