GENETICS OF ADOLESCENT TOBACCO USE AND DEPENDENCE

描述:（申请人摘要）尽管从公共卫生的角度来看，青少年吸烟的重要性（包括其与青少年酗酒和吸毒的关系），以及来自成年双胞胎研究的证据表明，吸烟行为有很强的遗传影响，但很少有专门设计的研究来了解遗传对成为常规烟草使用者的风险、对尼古丁的依赖以及戒烟困难的影响。经典双胞胎研究比较了一起抚养的MZ和DZ双胞胎，是一项强有力的行为遗传学设计，用于分析基因和环境对行为的共同影响，如开始经常使用烟草和烟草习惯的转变，这些行为受到快速发育和长期变化的影响。采用前瞻性队列序列设计，我们将在2年内确定11岁、13岁、15岁和17岁的青春期同性男性双胞胎（包括少数族裔双胞胎）的队列，并在3岁、4岁和5岁时继续确定11岁双胞胎的新队列。将向每对双胞胎和父母一方或监护人（只要可能，是亲生母亲）发送一份调查问卷，并通过电话进行访谈，其中包括评估烟草使用和尼古丁依赖、酒精使用和依赖、非法药物使用、其他I轴疾病、感知到的烟草、酒精和药物使用以及同伴和父母对使用的态度，以及其他相关风险因素。每年将对这对双胞胎进行一次简短的随访。分析将包括正在进行的对青春期女性双胞胎（AA09022; Heath， PI）进行的纵向研究的数据，使用类似的评估，使我们能够检查青春期男孩与女孩吸烟的以下问题：(i)基因对烟草使用的影响；（ii）对尼古丁的使用和对尼古丁的依赖产生遗传影响的可能媒介；即人格、终生抑郁和焦虑障碍以及青少年行为障碍；（iii）基因对吸烟行为的影响，以及基因对酒精和非法药物相关问题的影响之间的关系；（iv）可能的环境因素（例如，察觉到同伴吸烟）；（五）可能改变青少年吸烟和尼古丁依赖遗传倾向的保护性因素（如父母监测）。

DESCRIPTION: (Applicant's Abstract) Despite the importance of adolescent smoking from a public health perspective (including its association with teenage alcohol and drug involvement), and the evidence from adult twin studies for a strong genetic influence on smoking behavior, there has been little research designed specifically to understand the genetic contribution to risks of becoming a regular tobacco user, and of developing nicotine dependence, and to difficulties with quitting tobacco use. The classical twin study, comparing MZ and DZ twins reared together, is a powerful behavioral genetic design for analyzing the joint effects of genes and environment on behaviors such as the onset of regular tobacco use and transitions in the tobacco habit which are subject to rapid developmental and secular changes. Using a prospective cohort sequential design, we will ascertain cohorts of adolescent same sexed male twins, 11, 13, 15 and 17 years of age, including minority pairs, over a 2-year period, and continue to identify new cohorts of 11-year old twins in years 3, 4 and 5. Each twin and one parent or guardian (whenever possible the biological mother) will be sent a questionnaire and by telephone given an interview that includes assessments of patterns of tobacco use and nicotine dependence, alcohol use and dependence, illicit drug use, other axis I disorders, perceived tobacco, alcohol and drug use and attitudes towards use in peers and parents, and about other pertinent risk factors. There will be brief annual follow-up of the twins. Analyses will include data from an ongoing longitudinal study of female adolescent twins (AA09022; Heath, PI) using similar assessments, allowing us to examine the following issues for cigarette use in adolescent boys compared with girls: (i) genetic influences on tobacco use; (ii) possible mediators of genetic influences on use of and the development of dependence on nicotine; i.e., personality, lifetime depression and anxiety disorders, and adolescent conduct disorder; (iii) the relationship between genetic influences on smoking behavior, and genetic influences on alcohol and illicit drug- related problems; (iv) possible environmental mediators (e.g., perceived smoking in peers); and (v) protective factors (e.g., parental monitoring) which may modify a genetic predisposition to tobacco use and to nicotine dependence in adolescents.