GENETICS OF ADOLESCENT TOBACCO USE AND DEPENDENCE

描述：(申请人摘要)尽管从公共健康的角度来看，青少年吸烟很重要(包括与青少年酗酒和吸毒的关系)，而且成人双胞胎研究证明对吸烟行为有强烈的基因影响，但很少有专门设计的研究来了解基因对经常使用烟草的风险、对尼古丁的依赖以及戒烟困难的影响。经典的双胞胎研究，比较了一起长大的MZ和DZ双胞胎，是一个强大的行为遗传学设计，用于分析基因和环境对行为的联合影响，如开始定期吸烟和烟草习惯的转变，这些行为受到快速发展和长期变化的影响。采用前瞻性队列顺序设计，我们将在两年内确定11岁、13岁、15岁和17岁的青少年同性双胞胎男性队列，包括少数族裔对，并在3、4和5年级继续确定11岁双胞胎的新队列。每个双胞胎和父母或监护人(只要可能的话，亲生母亲)将收到一份问卷，并通过电话接受采访，其中包括对吸烟和尼古丁依赖模式、酒精使用和依赖、非法药物使用、其他第一轴障碍、感知烟草、酒精和药物使用以及同龄人和父母对使用的态度的评估，以及其他相关的风险因素。将对这对双胞胎进行简短的年度随访。分析将包括正在进行的一项对双胞胎女孩(AA09022；Heath，Pi)进行的纵向研究的数据，该研究使用类似的评估，使我们能够检查以下关于青春期男孩和女孩吸烟的问题：(I)对烟草使用的遗传影响；(Ii)影响尼古丁使用和对尼古丁依赖的遗传影响的可能媒介；即个性、终生抑郁和焦虑障碍，以及青少年行为障碍；(Iii)对吸烟行为的遗传影响与对酒精和非法药物相关问题的遗传影响之间的关系；(4)可能的环境媒介(例如，同龄人察觉到吸烟)；和(5)可能改变青少年吸烟和尼古丁依赖遗传倾向的保护因素(例如，父母监督)。

DESCRIPTION: (Applicant's Abstract) Despite the importance of adolescent smoking from a public health perspective (including its association with teenage alcohol and drug involvement), and the evidence from adult twin studies for a strong genetic influence on smoking behavior, there has been little research designed specifically to understand the genetic contribution to risks of becoming a regular tobacco user, and of developing nicotine dependence, and to difficulties with quitting tobacco use. The classical twin study, comparing MZ and DZ twins reared together, is a powerful behavioral genetic design for analyzing the joint effects of genes and environment on behaviors such as the onset of regular tobacco use and transitions in the tobacco habit which are subject to rapid developmental and secular changes. Using a prospective cohort sequential design, we will ascertain cohorts of adolescent same sexed male twins, 11, 13, 15 and 17 years of age, including minority pairs, over a 2-year period, and continue to identify new cohorts of 11-year old twins in years 3, 4 and 5. Each twin and one parent or guardian (whenever possible the biological mother) will be sent a questionnaire and by telephone given an interview that includes assessments of patterns of tobacco use and nicotine dependence, alcohol use and dependence, illicit drug use, other axis I disorders, perceived tobacco, alcohol and drug use and attitudes towards use in peers and parents, and about other pertinent risk factors. There will be brief annual follow-up of the twins. Analyses will include data from an ongoing longitudinal study of female adolescent twins (AA09022; Heath, PI) using similar assessments, allowing us to examine the following issues for cigarette use in adolescent boys compared with girls: (i) genetic influences on tobacco use; (ii) possible mediators of genetic influences on use of and the development of dependence on nicotine; i.e., personality, lifetime depression and anxiety disorders, and adolescent conduct disorder; (iii) the relationship between genetic influences on smoking behavior, and genetic influences on alcohol and illicit drug- related problems; (iv) possible environmental mediators (e.g., perceived smoking in peers); and (v) protective factors (e.g., parental monitoring) which may modify a genetic predisposition to tobacco use and to nicotine dependence in adolescents.