EARLY ONTOGENY OF ATTUNEMENT TO THE LANGUAGE ENVIRONMENT

适应语言环境的早期个体发育

• 批准号: 2872125
• 负责人: Catherine T. Best
• 金额: $ 26.37万
• 依托单位: HASKINS LABORATORIES, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1987
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1987-04-01 至 2001-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2872125
• 关键词: EARLY; ONTOGENY; ATTUNEMENT; LANGUAGE; ENVIRONMENT

DESCRIPTION: (Adapted From Applicant's Abstract) The long-range goal of this program is to understand how phonological structure begins to emerge as the infant acquires its first language. The project's central theoretical assumption is that the primitives for perceiving and producing the sound pattern of a language are articulatory gestures, rather than the abstract phonemes and features of traditional linguistic description. These gestures are vocal tract movements or coordinated patterns of movements that effect some phonetic end, such as lip closure, velum lowering, and so on. Languages differ in their choice of gestures and in how they organize them into the functional patterns, or constellations, that are termed phonemes; thus, the gesture is a unit of linguistic contrast. The gestural view makes it possible to account for the ontogenetic origins of the standard abstract units, rather than positing them as innately given. This approach thus permits the examination of perception and production from a common theoretical framework. It provides a basis for positing a continuous line of development from the language-general organization of speech in prelinguistic infants to the gradual emergence of the phoneme (and its featural descriptors) as a unit of linguistic contrast. The specific aim of the project is to understand how phonological structure begins to emerge in infants by investigating the ontogeny of attunement to the gestural properties of the ambient language. The first section focuses on attunement in speech perception to several prosodic and segmental properties of the native language. These studies include discrimination tests with linguistic contrasts from languages other than the one the infants are learning. The results are expected to confirm the previously reported language-general discrimination capabilities of young infants (6-8 months) and will explore the pattern of perceptual reorganization found in the previous grant period for older infants (10-12 months) and adults. This research will also be extended to a study of perceptual development in preschool and school-aged children. The development of language-specific organization in infant speech perception will also be examined with native and nonnative contrasts including allophanic variants, syllabic contrasts, coarticulatory organization, and intonational patterns. The focus of the second section is on early language-specific attunement in speech production for segmental and suprasegmental properties of preverbal vocalizations and of early meaningful speech. The gestural organization of the infants' and children's spontaneous and imitative utterances will be examined through both perceptual judgments by expert listeners and acoustic analyses. In the infant studies, the principal investigator will extend recent cross-language findings of language-specific differences in the rhythmic and intonational patterns of infant babbling during the second half-year of life to additional prosodic and segmental characteristics that differ among target languages. In the studies of young children, it is proposed to examine the differentiation of segmental structure from larger prosodic units. The overall significance of the project lies in its attempt to ground the development of speech and language in the physics and physiology of the child.

描述：（改编自申请人的摘要） 这个项目是为了了解语音结构是如何开始出现的， 就像婴儿掌握第一语言一样 该项目的核心 理论上的假设是， 语言的发音模式是发音的手势，而不是 抽象的音位和传统语言描述的特征。 这些手势是声道运动或协调的模式， 影响某些语音结尾的动作，如嘴唇闭合，软腭 语言在手势的选择和语言的表达上有所不同。 他们如何将它们组织成功能模式，或星座， 这就是所谓的音素;因此，手势是语言的单位 对比度 手势的观点使得有可能解释 标准抽象单位的个体发生起源，而不是假设 他们是天生的。 因此，这种方法允许审查 从一个共同的理论框架的感知和生产。 它提供 一个基础，为假定一个连续的发展路线，从 语言发育前婴儿言语的一般语言组织 音素（及其特征描述符）作为一个单位的逐渐出现 语言对比。 该项目的具体目标是了解语音结构如何 开始出现在婴儿通过调查协调的个体发育， 环境语言的手势特征。 第一部分重点 对几种韵律和音段的言语感知协调 母语的特性。 这些研究包括歧视 与其他语言的语言对比测试， 婴儿在学习。 预计结果将证实之前的说法 据报道，幼儿的语言一般辨别能力（6-8 几个月），并将探讨知觉重组的模式，发现在 年龄较大的婴儿（10-12个月）和成人的前一个补助期。 这项研究也将扩展到知觉发展的研究， 学龄前和学龄儿童。 特定语言的发展 婴儿言语知觉的组织也将与本机检查 和非母语对比，包括变体，音节对比， 协同发音组织和语调模式。 第二部分的重点是早期语言特定的协调， 前动词语段和超语段特性的言语产生 发声和早期有意义的讲话。 的手势组织 婴儿和儿童的自发和模仿的话语将是 通过专家听众的感知判断和声学检查 分析。 在婴儿研究中，主要研究者将延长 最近的跨语言研究发现， 婴儿在第二个婴儿时期的婴儿牙牙学语的节奏和语调模式 半年的生活，以额外的韵律和分段特征， 不同的目标语言。 在对幼儿的研究中， 建议研究节段结构与较大节段结构的区别， 韵律单位 该项目的整体意义在于其 试图将言语和语言的发展建立在物理学的基础上， 孩子的生理。