GESTURES AND CONSTELLATIONS AS PHONOLOGICAL UNITS

作为语音单位的手势和星座

• 批准号: 6301831
• 负责人: Catherine T. Best
• 金额: $ 20.98万
• 依托单位: HASKINS LABORATORIES, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-02-01 至 2001-06-24
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6301831
• 关键词: behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; human subject; jaw; lip; magnetic resonance imaging; phonology; psycholinguistics; speech; speech recognition; young adult human (21-34)

In this project we focus on a difference in perspective between articulatory phonologists, represented in Carol Fowler's project and researchers of reading, represented the other projects. In articulatory phonology, there is no phonological level of representation intermediate between the phonetic gesture and the syllable. However, it has been assumed in research on reading that there is a psychologically real level of linguistic structure between the gesture and the syllable, and that letters of an alphabetic orthography represent that level of structure (traditionally athe segment or phoneme). We confront this theoretical difference directly in research outlined in this project. In the first line of research, we attempt to distinguish a view that letters of an alphabetic writing system map onto a level of phonological representation roughly corresponding to phonological segments (consonants and vowels) from a view that such phonological units do not exist. In particular, we focus on the question whether phonological gestural primitives participate in constellations larger that the single gesture but smaller than the syllable. Next, e explore the categorical nature of primitive units of the spoken language regardless of whether the units are individual gestures or, rather are gestural constellations corresponding to consonantal and vocalic segments. We focus on listener/talkers' classifications of certain perceptibly distinct productions of consonants (or vowels) as members of a common phonological category, and we interpret the classifications as indications that those categories have psychological reality for language users. Evidence comes in part from examinations of "gestural drift: in productions by bilingual speakers. In research to date we have found that phonetic characteristics of stop consonants both in a native language and in an ambient, nonnative, language drift toward that of stop consonants of the ambient language over time. That the drift occurs in stops of both languages suggests that speaker/listeners are detecting correspondences between phonological units in the two languages, and therefore, that the phonological primitives of both languages are categories. To provide converging evidence, we explore patterns of assimilation to native phonological categories of phonological category. In addition, we explore assimulations to a common phonological category of consonants or vowels of different dialects of a language that are perceptibly distinct among speakers of different dialects. In a final section, we ask whether consonantal and vocalic phonological categories are qualitatively distinct kinds of categories, as posited in articulatory phonology(and autosegmental phonologies), and as also suggested by evidence on lateralization of the two kinds of gesture, or by findings of vowel-consonant differences in perception. These findings will have direct relevance to experiments on vowel and consonant identification in reading that we propose in the other projects.

在这个项目中，我们关注的是视角的不同 发音音位学家，代表卡罗尔·福勒的项目和 阅读的研究人员代表了其他项目。在发音方面 音系学，没有音系学水平的表征中介 在语音手势和音节之间。然而，它一直是 在对阅读的研究中假设存在心理上真实的水平 手势和音节之间的语言结构，以及 字母正字法的字母代表该层次的结构 (传统上是音段或音素)。我们直面这种理论 在这个项目中概述的研究中的直接差异。 在一线研究中，我们试图区分一种观点，即 字母书写系统的字母映射到语音级别 与音位段(辅音)大致对应的表示法 和元音)从这样的语音单位不存在的观点来看。在……里面 特别是，我们关注的问题是语音手势是否 原语参与的星座比单一手势更大，但 比音节还小。 接下来，我们将探讨口语原始单位的范畴性质 语言，无论单位是个人手势还是 手势星座对应于辅音和发音吗？ 细分市场。我们将重点放在听话者/说话者的某些分类上 明显不同的辅音(或元音)作为 常见的音系学分类，我们将分类解释为 这些类别对语言具有心理现实性的迹象 用户。证据部分来自对“手势漂移”的检查。 双语演讲者的作品。在迄今为止的研究中，我们发现 汉语和汉语中停辅音的语音特征 在非本族语的环境中，语言趋向于 随着时间的推移，周围的语言。漂移发生在两者的止损 语言表明说话者/听话者正在检测通信 两种语言的语音单位之间的差异，因此， 两种语言的语音基元都是范畴。要提供 结合证据，我们探索了同化为母语的模式 音系范畴中的音系范畴。此外，我们还探索了 作为对常见音系类别的辅音或元音的模拟 一种语言的不同方言，它们之间有明显的区别 说不同方言的人。 在最后一节中，我们问辅音和声母的音位 类别是定性上不同的类别类型，如 发音音系学(和自切分音系学)，以及AS 根据两种手势的偏侧化的证据，或由 元音-辅音知觉差异的发现。这些发现将 与元音和辅音识别的实验直接相关 在阅读我们在其他项目中提出的建议时。