EARLY ONTOGENY OF ATTUNEMENT TO THE LANGUAGE ENVIRONMENT

适应语言环境的早期个体发育

• 批准号: 6150498
• 负责人: Catherine T. Best
• 金额: $ 26.77万
• 依托单位: HASKINS LABORATORIES, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1987
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1987-04-01 至 2002-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6150498
• 关键词: EARLY; ONTOGENY; ATTUNEMENT; LANGUAGE; ENVIRONMENT

DESCRIPTION: (Adapted From Applicant's Abstract) The long-range goal of this program is to understand how phonological structure begins to emerge as the infant acquires its first language. The project's central theoretical assumption is that the primitives for perceiving and producing the sound pattern of a language are articulatory gestures, rather than the abstract phonemes and features of traditional linguistic description. These gestures are vocal tract movements or coordinated patterns of movements that effect some phonetic end, such as lip closure, velum lowering, and so on. Languages differ in their choice of gestures and in how they organize them into the functional patterns, or constellations, that are termed phonemes; thus, the gesture is a unit of linguistic contrast. The gestural view makes it possible to account for the ontogenetic origins of the standard abstract units, rather than positing them as innately given. This approach thus permits the examination of perception and production from a common theoretical framework. It provides a basis for positing a continuous line of development from the language-general organization of speech in prelinguistic infants to the gradual emergence of the phoneme (and its featural descriptors) as a unit of linguistic contrast. The specific aim of the project is to understand how phonological structure begins to emerge in infants by investigating the ontogeny of attunement to the gestural properties of the ambient language. The first section focuses on attunement in speech perception to several prosodic and segmental properties of the native language. These studies include discrimination tests with linguistic contrasts from languages other than the one the infants are learning. The results are expected to confirm the previously reported language-general discrimination capabilities of young infants (6-8 months) and will explore the pattern of perceptual reorganization found in the previous grant period for older infants (10-12 months) and adults. This research will also be extended to a study of perceptual development in preschool and school-aged children. The development of language-specific organization in infant speech perception will also be examined with native and nonnative contrasts including allophanic variants, syllabic contrasts, coarticulatory organization, and intonational patterns. The focus of the second section is on early language-specific attunement in speech production for segmental and suprasegmental properties of preverbal vocalizations and of early meaningful speech. The gestural organization of the infants' and children's spontaneous and imitative utterances will be examined through both perceptual judgments by expert listeners and acoustic analyses. In the infant studies, the principal investigator will extend recent cross-language findings of language-specific differences in the rhythmic and intonational patterns of infant babbling during the second half-year of life to additional prosodic and segmental characteristics that differ among target languages. In the studies of young children, it is proposed to examine the differentiation of segmental structure from larger prosodic units. The overall significance of the project lies in its attempt to ground the development of speech and language in the physics and physiology of the child.

描述：（改编自申请人的摘要）长期目标 这个程序是为了理解语音结构是如何开始出现的 当婴儿获得第一语言时。 该项目的核心 理论假设是感知和产生的原语 语言的声音模式是发音姿势，而不是 抽象音素和传统语言描述的特征。 这些手势是声道运动或协调模式 影响某些语音结尾的动作，例如嘴唇闭合、软腭 降低等。 不同的语言在手势选择上有所不同 他们如何将它们组织成功能模式或星座， 被称为音素；因此，手势是一个语言单位 对比。 手势视图可以解释 标准抽象单位的个体起源，而不是假设 它们是与生俱来的。 因此，这种方法允许检查 来自共同理论框架的感知和生产。 它提供 奠定了持续发展路线的基础 语言学前婴儿的语言一般组织 音素（及其特征描述符）作为一个单元逐渐出现 语言对比。 该项目的具体目标是了解语音结构如何 通过研究协调的个体发育，开始在婴儿中出现 环境语言的手势属性。 第一部分重点 关于语音感知对几种韵律和片段的协调 母语的属性。 这些研究包括歧视 测试与非母语语言的语言对比 婴儿正在学习。 预计结果将证实之前的说法 据报道，小婴儿（6-8 岁）的语言一般辨别能力 月）并将探索感知重组的模式 之前的补助期适用于较大婴儿（10-12 个月）和成人。 这项研究还将扩展到对知觉发展的研究 学龄前和学龄儿童。 特定语言的开发 婴儿言语感知的组织也将通过母语进行检查 和非母语对比，包括异音变体、音节对比， 协同发音组织和语调模式。 第二部分的重点是早期语言特定的协调 前语言的分段和超分段属性的语音生成 发声和早期有意义的言语。 手势组织 婴儿和儿童的自发和模仿的言语将 通过专业听众的感知判断和声学检查 分析。 在婴儿研究中，主要研究者将延长 最近关于语言特定差异的跨语言发现 第二阶段婴儿牙牙学语的节奏和语调模式 生命半年的额外韵律和片段特征 目标语言之间存在差异。 在幼儿的研究中， 提议检查分段结构与较大结构的区别 韵律单位。 该项目的总体意义在于 试图将言语和语言的发展建立在物理学和 孩子的生理学。