Marcus Aurelius, Meditations 1-6: Stoic Therapy and Psychological Health.

这个项目的主要目的是写一本实质性的书，马可·奥勒留的《沉思录1- 6》，在牛津大学出版社的《克拉伦登后期古代哲学家》系列中出版。这本书是针对古代哲学和经典（希腊和罗马研究）的学者和学生；该系列的一个特殊目的是鼓励那些对哲学感兴趣的人去探索丰富但较少研究的古代晚期作品。这本书包括马库斯《沉思录》前半部分的新译本，以及完整的介绍和哲学评论。这种形式可以将对作品内容和意义的总体分析与对具体段落的细致研究结合起来。《沉思录》并没有采用技术论文的形式，而是一本哲学笔记本或日记，由一位罗马皇帝（可能是在军事行动中）写的一系列不相关的小条目，他不是哲学专家。学者们一直在争论这部作品在多大程度上始终如一地反映了斯多葛主义的教义（这是对马库斯最重要的影响），或者它是否表达了纯粹的个人思想混合。这本书将论证，《沉思录》是由斯多葛派思想所塑造的，它们代表了对斯多葛派伦理核心原则的有力尝试，这些原则被认为是美好人生的基础。然而，这本书也将表明，马库斯对这些观点的表述有时是不标准的，他有时会提出非正统的观点，因为他急于得出一个道德结论，而没有做所有支持该结论所需的智力工作。这本书将代表迄今为止对这个问题最持久的学术讨论，并将使学者和学生更容易确定《沉思录》包含什么样的哲学内容。本书还将考虑《沉思录》的文学形式对理解其哲学特征的重要性，并讨论这在多大程度上反映了当时（公元2世纪的罗马）更广泛的文化趋势。例如，这项工作被视为构成了一套冥想或“精神”练习。此外，这部作品是马库斯写给自己的（不是外部读者），有时被视为反映了他那个时代更广泛的关注，即米歇尔·福柯所说的“自我关怀”。本书将对这些观点持相当怀疑的态度，这些观点似乎部分反映了纯粹现代的自我观念。但这表明《沉思录》确实表达了一种“对自我的关怀”，这反映了古代的态度，但也可能引起现代读者的兴趣。《沉思录》（与他那个时代的思想文化一致）认为，成年人应该为促进自己的心理健康和幸福负责。冥想也可以被视为一种准医学的“养生法”或心理保健，帮助人们为不可避免地影响所有人类的灾难（包括自己的死亡和亲人的死亡）做好准备。该项目的第二个目的是探索《沉思录》对现代读者有用的想法（特别是基于刚才指出的原因）。这一想法将在一个与当代英国心理保健相关人员的研讨会上进行，并将在一个公众参与活动中进行，讨论结果将发布在一个网站上。特别是，人们会问，《冥想》在当代心理治疗或咨询中是否有实际用途，或者它是否会更有用，因为它有助于不断扩大的关于寻找幸福和幸福的现代著作。工作坊将为制作专门的书面资源（例如手册或网络资源）做准备，但该资源的制作不属于本项目的一部分。

The main aim of this project is to write a substantial book, Marcus Aurelius' Meditations 1-VI, for publication in an Oxford University Press series, the Clarendon Later Ancient Philosophers. This book is directed at scholars and students of ancient philosophy and Classics (Greek and Roman studies); a special aim of the series is to encourage those interested in philosophy to explore the rich, but less studied, works of later antiquity. The book consists of a new translation of the first half of Marcus' Meditations, together with a full introduction and philosophical commentary. This format enables the combination of general analysis of the content and significance of the work with close detailed study of specific passages. The Meditations do not take the form of a technical treatise but a philosophical notebook or diary, with a series of unrelated short entries, written by a Roman emperor (probably on military campaign) who was not a philosophical specialist. Scholars have debated how far the work consistently reflects the teachings of Stoicism (which is the most important influence on Marcus) or whether it expresses a purely personal mix of ideas. This book will argue that the Meditations are overwhelmingly shaped by Stoic ideas and that they represent a powerful attempt to encapsulate the core principles of Stoic ethics, conceived as the basis for living a good human life. However, the book will also show that Marcus' formulation of these ideas is sometimes non-standard, and that he is sometimes led to put forward unorthodox ideas because of his eagerness to reach a moral conclusion without doing all the intellectual work needed to support that conclusion. The book will represent the most sustained scholarly discussion to date of this question and will make it easier for scholars and students to determine what kind of philosophical content the Meditations have. The book will also consider the significance of the literary form of the Meditations for understanding its philosophical character and discuss how far this reflects broader cultural tendencies in its age (second-century AD Rome). For instance, the work has been seen as constituting a set of meditative or 'spiritual' exercises. Also, the work, which is addressed by Marcus to himself (not an external reader) has sometimes been seen as reflecting a broader preoccupation in his age with what Michel Foucault called 'the care of the self'. This book will be rather sceptical of these ideas, which seem in part to reflect purely modern ideas about selfhood. But it will suggest that the Meditations do express a kind of 'care of the self' which reflects ancient attitudes but which is also potentially of interest to modern readers too. The Meditations (in line with the intellectual culture in his period) assume that it is appropriate for adult human beings to take responsibility for promoting their own psychological health and happiness. The Meditations can also be seen as a kind of quasi-medical 'regimen' or psychological healthcare, helping to prepare one for the disasters (including one's own death and that of loved ones) that inevitably affects all human beings. A secondary aim of the project is to explore the idea that the Meditations could be made useful for modern readers (especially for the reasons just pointed out). This idea will be pursued in a workshop with those involved in psychological healthcare in contemporary Britain and in a public engagement event, with the discussions posted on a web-site. In particular, it will be asked whether the Meditations could be of practical use in contemporary psychotherapy or counselling or whether it would be more useful as a contributor to the expanding body of modern writings on the search for well-being and happiness. The workshop will prepare the ground for producing a specially written resource (a handbook, for instanceor web-resource), through the production of this resource does not form part of this project.