Marcus Aurelius, Meditations 1-6: Stoic Therapy and Psychological Health.

这个项目的主要目的是写一本实质性的书，马库斯·奥勒留的《冥想1-VI》，在牛津大学出版社的丛书《克拉伦登后来的古代哲学家》中出版。本书面向古代哲学和古典文学(希腊和罗马研究)的学者和学生；该系列的一个特殊目的是鼓励那些对哲学感兴趣的人探索丰富但较少研究的后来古代作品。这本书包括马库斯《沉思录》前半部分的新译本，以及完整的导言和哲学评论。这种格式可以将对作品内容和意义的一般分析与对具体段落的详细研究结合起来。《冥想》不是以技术论文的形式出现，而是一本哲学笔记本或日记，里面有一系列无关的简短条目，作者是一位罗马皇帝(可能是关于军事战役)，他不是哲学专家。学者们一直在争论，这部作品在多大程度上始终如一地反映了斯多葛主义(这是对马库斯最重要的影响)的教义，或者它是否表达了纯粹的个人思想混合。这本书将争辩说，《冥想》绝大多数是由斯多葛学派的思想塑造的，它们代表了一种强大的尝试，以概括斯多葛派伦理学的核心原则，被构思为过上美好人类生活的基础。然而，这本书也将表明，马库斯对这些想法的表述有时是非标准的，有时他会被引导提出非正统的想法，因为他急于在不做支持这一结论所需的所有智力工作的情况下得出道德结论。这本书将代表迄今为止对这个问题进行的最持久的学术讨论，并将使学者和学生更容易确定《冥想》有什么样的哲学内容。这本书还将考虑《沉思录》的文学形式对于理解其哲学特征的意义，并讨论这在多大程度上反映了当时(公元2世纪罗马)更广泛的文化倾向。例如，这部作品被认为是一套冥想或“精神”练习。此外，这部由马库斯写给自己(而不是外部读者)的作品有时被视为反映了他那个时代对米歇尔·福柯所说的“自我的关怀”的更广泛的关注。这本书将对这些观点持相当怀疑的态度，这些观点似乎在一定程度上反映了纯粹的现代自我观念。但它将表明，《沉思录》确实表达了一种‘自我关怀’，这反映了古代的态度，但也可能引起现代读者的兴趣。《沉思》(与他那个时代的知识文化相一致)认为，成年人承担起促进自己心理健康和幸福的责任是适当的。冥想也可以被视为一种准医疗‘养生法’或心理保健，帮助人们为不可避免地影响到全人类的灾难(包括自己和亲人的死亡)做好准备。该项目的第二个目的是探索《冥想》可以对现代读者有用的想法(特别是出于刚才提到的原因)。这一想法将在与当代英国心理健康相关人员的研讨会上进行，并将在公众参与活动中进行，讨论内容将发布在网站上。特别是，人们会问，《冥想》在当代心理治疗或咨询中是否有实际用途，或者它是否会对不断扩大的关于寻求幸福和幸福的现代著作做出更有用的贡献。讲习班将为制作一份专门编写的资源(例如手册或网络资源)做好准备，因为这种资源的制作并不构成该项目的一部分。

The main aim of this project is to write a substantial book, Marcus Aurelius' Meditations 1-VI, for publication in an Oxford University Press series, the Clarendon Later Ancient Philosophers. This book is directed at scholars and students of ancient philosophy and Classics (Greek and Roman studies); a special aim of the series is to encourage those interested in philosophy to explore the rich, but less studied, works of later antiquity. The book consists of a new translation of the first half of Marcus' Meditations, together with a full introduction and philosophical commentary. This format enables the combination of general analysis of the content and significance of the work with close detailed study of specific passages. The Meditations do not take the form of a technical treatise but a philosophical notebook or diary, with a series of unrelated short entries, written by a Roman emperor (probably on military campaign) who was not a philosophical specialist. Scholars have debated how far the work consistently reflects the teachings of Stoicism (which is the most important influence on Marcus) or whether it expresses a purely personal mix of ideas. This book will argue that the Meditations are overwhelmingly shaped by Stoic ideas and that they represent a powerful attempt to encapsulate the core principles of Stoic ethics, conceived as the basis for living a good human life. However, the book will also show that Marcus' formulation of these ideas is sometimes non-standard, and that he is sometimes led to put forward unorthodox ideas because of his eagerness to reach a moral conclusion without doing all the intellectual work needed to support that conclusion. The book will represent the most sustained scholarly discussion to date of this question and will make it easier for scholars and students to determine what kind of philosophical content the Meditations have. The book will also consider the significance of the literary form of the Meditations for understanding its philosophical character and discuss how far this reflects broader cultural tendencies in its age (second-century AD Rome). For instance, the work has been seen as constituting a set of meditative or 'spiritual' exercises. Also, the work, which is addressed by Marcus to himself (not an external reader) has sometimes been seen as reflecting a broader preoccupation in his age with what Michel Foucault called 'the care of the self'. This book will be rather sceptical of these ideas, which seem in part to reflect purely modern ideas about selfhood. But it will suggest that the Meditations do express a kind of 'care of the self' which reflects ancient attitudes but which is also potentially of interest to modern readers too. The Meditations (in line with the intellectual culture in his period) assume that it is appropriate for adult human beings to take responsibility for promoting their own psychological health and happiness. The Meditations can also be seen as a kind of quasi-medical 'regimen' or psychological healthcare, helping to prepare one for the disasters (including one's own death and that of loved ones) that inevitably affects all human beings. A secondary aim of the project is to explore the idea that the Meditations could be made useful for modern readers (especially for the reasons just pointed out). This idea will be pursued in a workshop with those involved in psychological healthcare in contemporary Britain and in a public engagement event, with the discussions posted on a web-site. In particular, it will be asked whether the Meditations could be of practical use in contemporary psychotherapy or counselling or whether it would be more useful as a contributor to the expanding body of modern writings on the search for well-being and happiness. The workshop will prepare the ground for producing a specially written resource (a handbook, for instanceor web-resource), through the production of this resource does not form part of this project.