Marcus Aurelius, Meditations 1-6: Stoic Therapy and Psychological Health.

马库斯·奥勒留，沉思 1-6：斯多葛疗法和心理健康。

• 批准号: AH/J001759/1
• 负责人: Christopher Gill
• 金额: $ 9.45万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF EXETER
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2012 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FJ001759%2F1
• 关键词: Marcus; Aurelius; Meditations; Stoic; Therapy

The main aim of this project is to write a substantial book, Marcus Aurelius' Meditations 1-VI, for publication in an Oxford University Press series, the Clarendon Later Ancient Philosophers. This book is directed at scholars and students of ancient philosophy and Classics (Greek and Roman studies); a special aim of the series is to encourage those interested in philosophy to explore the rich, but less studied, works of later antiquity. The book consists of a new translation of the first half of Marcus' Meditations, together with a full introduction and philosophical commentary. This format enables the combination of general analysis of the content and significance of the work with close detailed study of specific passages. The Meditations do not take the form of a technical treatise but a philosophical notebook or diary, with a series of unrelated short entries, written by a Roman emperor (probably on military campaign) who was not a philosophical specialist. Scholars have debated how far the work consistently reflects the teachings of Stoicism (which is the most important influence on Marcus) or whether it expresses a purely personal mix of ideas. This book will argue that the Meditations are overwhelmingly shaped by Stoic ideas and that they represent a powerful attempt to encapsulate the core principles of Stoic ethics, conceived as the basis for living a good human life. However, the book will also show that Marcus' formulation of these ideas is sometimes non-standard, and that he is sometimes led to put forward unorthodox ideas because of his eagerness to reach a moral conclusion without doing all the intellectual work needed to support that conclusion. The book will represent the most sustained scholarly discussion to date of this question and will make it easier for scholars and students to determine what kind of philosophical content the Meditations have. The book will also consider the significance of the literary form of the Meditations for understanding its philosophical character and discuss how far this reflects broader cultural tendencies in its age (second-century AD Rome). For instance, the work has been seen as constituting a set of meditative or 'spiritual' exercises. Also, the work, which is addressed by Marcus to himself (not an external reader) has sometimes been seen as reflecting a broader preoccupation in his age with what Michel Foucault called 'the care of the self'. This book will be rather sceptical of these ideas, which seem in part to reflect purely modern ideas about selfhood. But it will suggest that the Meditations do express a kind of 'care of the self' which reflects ancient attitudes but which is also potentially of interest to modern readers too. The Meditations (in line with the intellectual culture in his period) assume that it is appropriate for adult human beings to take responsibility for promoting their own psychological health and happiness. The Meditations can also be seen as a kind of quasi-medical 'regimen' or psychological healthcare, helping to prepare one for the disasters (including one's own death and that of loved ones) that inevitably affects all human beings. A secondary aim of the project is to explore the idea that the Meditations could be made useful for modern readers (especially for the reasons just pointed out). This idea will be pursued in a workshop with those involved in psychological healthcare in contemporary Britain and in a public engagement event, with the discussions posted on a web-site. In particular, it will be asked whether the Meditations could be of practical use in contemporary psychotherapy or counselling or whether it would be more useful as a contributor to the expanding body of modern writings on the search for well-being and happiness. The workshop will prepare the ground for producing a specially written resource (a handbook, for instanceor web-resource), through the production of this resource does not form part of this project.

这个项目的主要目的是写一个实质性的书，马可奥勒留的沉思1-VI，在牛津大学出版社系列出版，克拉伦登后来的古代哲学家。这本书是针对学者和古代哲学和经典（希腊和罗马研究）的学生;该系列的一个特殊目的是鼓励那些对哲学感兴趣的人探索丰富的，但较少研究，后来的古代作品。这本书包括一个新的翻译马库斯的沉思的前半部分，连同一个完整的介绍和哲学评论。这种格式使一般分析的内容和意义的工作与密切详细研究的具体段落相结合。《沉思录》的形式不是技术论文，而是一本哲学笔记本或日记，其中有一系列不相关的简短条目，由一位不是哲学专家的罗马皇帝（可能是在军事战役中）撰写。学者们一直在争论这部作品在多大程度上反映了斯多葛主义的教义（这是对马库斯最重要的影响），或者它是否表达了纯粹的个人思想。本书将论证，《沉思录》绝大多数是由斯多葛思想塑造的，它们代表了一种强有力的尝试，试图概括斯多葛伦理学的核心原则，这些原则被认为是过上美好生活的基础。然而，这本书也将表明，马库斯的这些想法的制定有时是非标准的，他有时会被引导提出非正统的想法，因为他急于达成一个道德结论，而没有做所有的智力工作需要支持这一结论。这本书将代表迄今为止对这个问题最持久的学术讨论，并将使学者和学生更容易确定冥想有什么样的哲学内容。本书还将考虑《沉思录》的文学形式对于理解其哲学特征的重要性，并讨论这在多大程度上反映了其时代（公元2世纪罗马）更广泛的文化趋势。例如，这项工作被视为构成一套冥想或“精神”练习。此外，这部由马库斯写给自己（而不是外部读者）的作品有时被视为反映了他那个时代对米歇尔·福柯所说的“自我关怀”的更广泛关注。本书将对这些观点持相当怀疑的态度，这些观点似乎部分反映了关于自我的纯粹现代观点。但它表明，《沉思录》确实表达了一种“对自我的关怀”，这反映了古代的态度，但也可能引起现代读者的兴趣。《沉思录》（与他那个时期的知识文化相一致）认为，成年人有责任促进自己的心理健康和幸福是合适的。冥想也可以被看作是一种准医疗“养生”或心理保健，帮助人们为灾难（包括自己的死亡和亲人的死亡）做好准备，这些灾难不可避免地影响到所有人。这个项目的第二个目的是探索《沉思录》对现代读者有用的想法（特别是出于刚才指出的原因）。这一想法将在一个研讨会上与那些参与当代英国心理保健和公众参与活动，与讨论张贴在网站上。特别是，它将被问到是否冥想可以在当代心理治疗或咨询的实际用途，或者它是否会更有用的作为一个贡献者不断扩大的机构现代著作的追求福祉和幸福。讲习班将为制作一份专门编写的资源（例如手册或网络资源）奠定基础，制作这一资源并不构成本项目的一部分。

项目成果

Marcus Aurelius: Meditations, Books 1-6

马库斯·奥勒留：《沉思录》，第 1-6 卷

• 发表时间: 2013
• 作者: Gill