Christian-Muslim Relations 1500-1900 (CMR1900)

关于基督徒和穆斯林背景的人之间关系的报道和评论每天都会出现在新闻中，无论是政治家们用十字军东征这个词来形容西方国家对穆斯林国家的入侵，巴基斯坦法院审判被认为亵渎伊斯兰教的基督徒，还是法国警察拘留违反着装法的穆斯林妇女。来自一种信仰的人在想到另一种信仰时所使用的不准确的言语和行为往往反映了从许多世纪以前继承下来的对另一种信仰及其追随者的态度。这个项目，1500-1900年的基督教-穆斯林关系，是关于这些态度以及它们形成和发展的方式。伊斯兰教和基督教之间的关系史长达1400多年。这两种信仰的追随者从一开始就紧密地生活在一起，有时也会相互受益，比如9世纪的巴格达，基督徒将重要的科学和哲学著作从希腊语翻译成阿拉伯语给穆斯林，尽管他们更多的是互相诽谤和攻击，最引人注目的是12世纪和13世纪的十字军东征，这被视为基督教对伊斯兰教的攻击。该项目旨在揭示从1500年到1900年这段历史的各个阶段，既要发现实际的思想和文字，又要探索关于他人的性格和地位的规范。它是早期ahrc资助的一个项目的延续，该项目追溯了从600年到1500年的历史。它将以此为基础，并将其向前推进到1900年，它将探索世界各地基督徒和穆斯林之间相遇的记录。它有两个目标。第一个是详细编纂1500-1900年间所有已知的基督徒和穆斯林关于对方和反对对方的著作。对于这个书目历史，四个专家小组，每个小组都专注于世界的一个主要部门，将汇集在他们的部门所写的作品的记录，委托特定作者、地区和时期的专家撰写详细的作品分析条目。条目将包括作者的信息，作品的内容，其重要性，其中的主题，以及关于出版和研究的全部细节。以这种方式，每一个条目都将包含对一部作品的全面描述，并将其汇编成一个相连的历史，将每一个条目置于基督教与穆斯林关系的更广泛的范围内。结果是，数百位学者的合作，将是一部多卷本的历史，以前所未有的细节描述了1500年至1900年间基督教与穆斯林关系的发展。它将使读者能够接触到广泛的信息，而这些信息在过去仅限于拥有特定语言技能的专家。第二个目标是利用这段参考书目历史来追溯逐渐成为公认的他人形象的主要形象和态度，这些形象和态度存在于信徒的脑海中，并努力摆脱旧的联系方式。这四个项目小组各自或与其他人合作，将对基督徒和穆斯林在几个世纪以来相互传递的态度进行专题研究。为了做到这一点，他们将使用1500-1900年期间的书目历史分析，以及600-1500年期间的历史分析，这些分析与早期项目以完全相同的方式产生。其结果将是一个单一或多卷的历史图像和意见，由基督徒和穆斯林持有从7世纪到20世纪。这两本历史书将为这段经常出现问题的历史提供新的视角。他们将开辟一个新的研究领域，也将有助于解释为什么基督徒和穆斯林今天经常继续误解彼此。

Reports and comments about relations between people from Christian and Muslim backgrounds appear daily in the news, whether it is politicians using the term crusade for Western incursions into Muslim countries, Pakistani courts trying Christians thought to have blasphemed Islam, or French police detaining Muslim women for defying dress laws. The inaccurate words and actions employed by people from one faith origin when thinking of the other frequently reflect attitudes about the other faith and its followers that are inherited from many centuries past. This project, Christian-Muslim Relations 1500-1900, is about these attitudes and the ways in which they were formed and have developed.The history of relations between Islam and Christianity stretches over 1400 years. Followers of the faiths have lived closely together from the beginning, and have sometimes benefited one another, as in 9th century Baghdad where important works of science and philosophy were translated from Greek into Arabic by Christians for Muslims, though they have more often defamed and attacked one another, as most dramatically in the Crusades in the 12th and 13th centuries, which were seen as representing a Christian attack on Islam. This project seeks to uncover the stages of this history from 1500 to 1900, both to discover what was actually thought and written, and to explore what was taken as the norm about the character and status of the other. It is a continuation of an earlier AHRC-funded project that traced the history from 600 to 1500. It will build on this and take it forward to 1900, and it will explore the records of encounters between Christians and Muslims in all parts of the world. It has two objectives.The first is to compile a detailed history of all the known writings by Christians and Muslims about and against one another in the period 1500-1900. For this bibliographical history, four teams of specialists, each focusing on a major sector of the world, will bring together accounts of the works written in their sector, commissioning specialists on particular authors, regions and periods to write detailed analytical entries on the works. An entry will include information about the author, the contents of the work, its significance, the main themes within it, and full details about publication and studies written on it. Each entry will in this way contain a comprehensive account of a work, and the compilation into a connected history will place each one in the wider sweep of Christian-Muslim relations. The result, the collaboration of hundreds of scholars, will be a multi-volume history in unprecedented detail of the development of Christian-Muslim relations between 1500 and 1900. It will give readers access to a wide range of information that in the past has been restricted to specialists possessing particular language skills.The second objective is to use this bibliographical history to trace the main images and attitudes that have gradually become established as the accepted portrayal of the other, lodging in believers' minds and bedevilling efforts to move away from old ways of relating. Either themselves or in collaboration with others, the four project teams will produce thematic studies of attitudes held by Christians and Muslims about one another as they were transmitted through the centuries. In order to do this, they will use the analyses from the bibliographical history of the 1500-1900 years period, and also the history of the 600-1500 year period that has been produced in exactly the same way by the earlier project. The result will be a single or multi-volume history of images and opinions of the other held by Christians and Muslims from the 7th to the 20th century.The two histories will shed new light on a frequently troubled record. They will open up a new field of enquiry, and will also contribute towards explaining why Christians and Muslims often continue to misunderstand one another today.