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Child Forced Labourers in National Socialist Germany and German Occupied Eastern Europe, 1939-1945

国家社会主义德国和德占东欧的强迫童工，1939 年至 1945 年

基本信息

批准号：
AH/J003891/1
负责人：
Johannes Steinert
金额：
$ 4.54万
依托单位：
University of Wolverhampton
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2012 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FJ003891%2F1
关键词：
Child Forced Labourers National Socialist

项目摘要

During the Second World War, a substantial number of children (up to the age of 18) became victims of the National Socialist forced labour system. In National Socialist Germany and German occupied Eastern Europe they worked in all branches of industry, in agriculture and as domestics in German households. The Wehrmacht and SS also deployed children in construction work on fortifications, bridges, roads and airfields.While international research on the Holocaust and the National Socialist 'extermination through labour' programme started immediately after the war, only a small number of monographs on forced labour had been published by the middle of the 1990s. Since then, however, hundreds of research projects have been set up as a result of the public debate on German compensation payments. The majority of these projects have concentrated on forced labour in a particular town, region, firm or institution, but a study on child forced labourers has still not been undertaken.This research project provides the first comprehensive study of young forced labourers in National Socialist Germany and German occupied Eastern Europe by drawing on a wide range of archival documents and former forced labourers' testimonies. It focuses on both the perpetrators, their ideology and policy, and on the young victims' experiences.The research will identify the political, economic and ideological background which led to the deportation of children during the Second World War. It will examine the extent to which the forced labour of children was linked with National Socialist racist ideology, the Holocaust and the Germanization programme; and it will evaluate the participation of civil authorities, police and military units in the deportation process. Based on official documents, the project will assess the total number of young forced labourers, their age and sex, their social, ethnic, national and regional origins, and the professional areas of their employment.Special consideration will be given to the working and living conditions of children forced to work in Germany and occupied Europe, their treatment by employers and colleagues, their social contacts with the civil population and other forced labourers. Child abuse, including heterosexual and homosexual raping will be investigated, forms of passive and active resistance explored. Finally, the project will discuss the experience of forced labour, liberation, repatriation and further migration as narrated in published and unpublished testimonies.The results will enhance our knowledge of both Nazi Germany and German occupied Eastern Europe as well as on the situation of child forced labour during the Second World War. It will contribute to academic research on the various links between the forced labour system, the Holocaust and the Nazi racist ideology. It will also enhance our understanding of how the experiences of deportation and forced labour been narrated in testimonies. As such, the outcomes will be of interest to both academic and non-academic audiences, including the media.

在第二次世界大战期间，大量儿童（18岁以下）成为国家社会主义强迫劳动制度的受害者。在国家社会主义德国和德国占领的东欧，他们在工业、农业的各个部门工作，并在德国家庭中做家仆。德国国防军和党卫军还派儿童去修筑防御工事、桥梁、道路和机场。虽然关于大屠杀和国家社会主义“通过劳动灭绝”方案的国际研究在战争结束后立即开始，但到1990年代中期，只出版了少数关于强迫劳动的专著。然而，从那时起，由于对德国赔偿的公开辩论，已经建立了数百个研究项目。这些项目大多数集中于某一城镇、区域、公司或机构的强迫劳动，但仍未对强迫童工进行研究。该研究项目利用大量档案文件和前强迫劳工的证词，首次全面研究了国家社会主义德国和德国占领的东欧的年轻强迫劳工。它既关注肇事者、他们的意识形态和政策，也关注年轻受害者的经历。这项研究将查明导致第二次世界大战期间儿童被驱逐出境的政治、经济和意识形态背景。它将审查强迫儿童劳动与国家社会主义种族主义意识形态、大屠杀和德国化方案之间的联系程度；此外，还将评估民政当局、警察和军队在驱逐过程中的参与情况。根据官方文件，该项目将评估年轻强迫劳工的总数、他们的年龄和性别、他们的社会、种族、国家和地区出身以及他们就业的专业领域。将特别考虑被迫在德国和被占领的欧洲工作的儿童的工作和生活条件、他们受到雇主和同事的待遇、他们与平民和其他强迫劳工的社会联系。儿童虐待，包括异性恋和同性恋强奸将被调查，探索被动和主动抵抗的形式。最后，该项目将讨论在已发表和未发表的证词中叙述的强迫劳动、解放、遣返和进一步移徙的经历。调查结果将增进我们对纳粹德国和德国占领的东欧的了解，以及对第二次世界大战期间强迫儿童劳动情况的了解。它将促进关于强迫劳动制度、大屠杀和纳粹种族主义意识形态之间各种联系的学术研究。它还将增进我们对驱逐出境和强迫劳动的经历如何在证词中叙述的理解。因此，学术和非学术受众（包括媒体）都会对研究结果感兴趣。