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An atlas of hillforts in Britain and Ireland

英国和爱尔兰山堡地图集

基本信息

批准号：
AH/J004499/1
负责人：
Ian Ralston
金额：
$ 99.65万
依托单位：
University of Edinburgh
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2012 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FJ004499%2F1
关键词：
atlas hillforts Britain Ireland

项目摘要

Hillforts are the most impressive field legacy from the Iron Age across many areas of England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Eire. Although precision is not possible, it is likely that there are over 4000 in Ireland and Britain. Any academic or popular account of later prehistory from c. 1000 BC has to include a discussion of hillforts as the dominant monument type: their forms and architecture, possible functions, relationships with their setting and archaeological surroundings. Over recent years within Iron Age studies the importance of 'regionalisation' has emerged again as an important theme and one which requires information and data to be available at both the local level and at regional and inter-regional scales. There is no integrated system that will provide this information for hillforts, although a wide variety of sources exist in digital and paper form. These sources however are diverse, often difficult to access, and hard to integrate to produce wider interpretations and new research questions, since all previous syntheses have generally been at 'national' (i.e. Ireland, England) scales. Furthermore, most of the ways in which these sites are usually described are based on upstanding examples, but it is now essential to incorporate many ploughed-down remains, only visible as cropmarks, into understandings of these sites.This project will create an online interactive database that will include standardised information on all hillforts in the UK and Eire and enable interrogation and analysis at a range of scales from an individual hillfort to the whole collection. The database will be linked to Google Earth/Maps so that the locations of hillforts can be seen within their landscape contexts. At the close of the project, the data file will be available for re-use in a variety of software. The information held will be a compilation of all existing sources, re-structured to provide maximum achievable consistency and the ability to search all hillforts, evaluating and comparing them on meaningful characteristics such as number and configuration of ramparts, ditches and entrances. Evaluation, analysis and interpretation will take place at local, regional and inter-regional scales and the outcomes will be a paper atlas of hillforts, where cartographic presentation will be matched by succinct analytical texts. These will include extensive discussion on the structuring of the data, including consideration of what is and is not a hillfort and why, together with the interpretation of analyses and patterns established at the different scales and visualised through a series of maps and plans. The results will feed significantly into discussions of regionality and how hillforts fit with other data and interpretations. This work will be mirrored by a critical re-assessment of the dating evidence for these sites, including isotopic and other scientific determinations, numismatic and artefactual data, and documentary sources: these monuments are used in both the first millennia BC and AD, and evaluation of the chronological range of these sites at a variety of scales will allow closer readings of patterns through time, to match the spatial focus highlighted above. The analysis of this set of sites across the whole of Britain and Ireland - something not previously-attempted - will generate new configurations of information on similarities and differences amongst sites that will challenge prevailing views.Hillforts are of great interest to a large range of audiences, sometimes just for their intrinsic archaeological value but often as part of wider landscape, historical and environmental interests. Further to encourage the breadth of this participation, the database will be configured as a hillfort-wiki, capable of accepting user-generated content so that additional text and images can be attached to any hillfort, separately from the core data generated by the project,

丘陵是铁器时代最令人印象深刻的田野遗产，遍布英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰、北方爱尔兰和爱尔兰的许多地区。虽然不可能精确，但在爱尔兰和英国可能有4000多个。从公元前到公元前的任何学术或流行的史前史记载。公元前1000年必须包括对丘陵作为主要纪念碑类型的讨论：它们的形式和建筑，可能的功能，与它们的设置和考古环境的关系。近年来，在铁器时代的研究中，“区域化”的重要性再次成为一个重要的主题，需要在地方一级以及区域和区域间范围内提供信息和数据。虽然有各种各样的数字和书面形式的来源，但没有一个综合系统可以为Hills提供这方面的信息。然而，这些来源是多种多样的，往往难以访问，难以整合，以产生更广泛的解释和新的研究问题，因为所有以前的综合一般都在“国家”（即爱尔兰，英格兰）的规模。此外，大多数描述这些遗址的方式都是基于直立的例子，但现在必须纳入许多犁下的遗迹，这些遗迹只能作为作物标记可见，该项目将创建一个在线交互式数据库，其中将包括英国和爱尔兰所有丘陵的标准化信息，并能够在一系列尺度上对个人进行询问和分析。希尔福特到整个收藏。该数据库将与谷歌地球/地图连接，以便在其景观范围内看到丘陵的位置。在项目结束时，数据文件将可在各种软件中重新使用。所掌握的信息将是所有现有来源的汇编，经过重新调整，以提供最大程度的一致性，并能够搜索所有山丘，根据城墙、沟渠和入口的数量和结构等有意义的特征对其进行评价和比较。将在地方、区域和区域间范围内进行评价、分析和解释，其成果将是一份山地地图集，其中的地图介绍将与简明的分析文本相匹配。这些将包括对数据结构的广泛讨论，包括考虑什么是和不是一个山堡，为什么，以及解释在不同比例下建立的分析和模式，并通过一系列地图和计划进行可视化。这些结果将大大有助于讨论区域性以及hillcraft如何与其他数据和解释相适应。这项工作将通过对这些遗址的年代证据进行严格的重新评估来反映，包括同位素和其他科学测定，钱币和人工数据以及文献来源：这些古迹在公元前和公元前的前一千年都有使用，在各种尺度上对这些遗址的年代范围进行评估将有助于更仔细地解读时间上的模式，以匹配上面突出显示的空间焦点。对这一组遍布整个英国和爱尔兰的遗址的分析--这是以前没有尝试过的--将产生关于遗址之间相似性和差异性的新信息配置，这将挑战主流观点。丘陵对广大观众产生极大的兴趣，有时只是因为它们内在的考古价值，但往往是更广泛的景观、历史和环境利益的一部分。进一步鼓励这种参与的广度，该数据库将被配置为一个hillfort-wiki，能够接受用户生成的内容，以便额外的文本和图像可以附加到任何hillfort，独立于项目生成的核心数据，