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Beyond the park pale: elite women and the agricultural landscape, 1700-1830

超越公园的苍白：精英女性和农业景观，1700-1830

基本信息

批准号：
AH/J007870/1
负责人：
Briony McDonagh
金额：
$ 6万
依托单位：
University of Hull
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2014 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FJ007870%2F1
关键词：
Beyond park pale elite women

项目摘要

My book project, 'Beyond the Park Pale: elite women and the agricultural landscape, 1700-1830', investigates the role played by elite women in managing large agricultural estates, paying particular attention to their involvement in estate management, enclosure, landscaping and agricultural improvement. As Amy Erickson and others have recently demonstrated, female landowners controlled significant amounts of property as heiresses, widows and even occasionally as wives. Yet we know next to nothing about how they managed those parts of their estates which lay beyond the park pale; that is, the farms, woodlands, cottages and other property which lay outside the fence or bank encircling the park, pleasure grounds, gardens and house. The existing literature on elite women focuses almost exclusively on their role in household management, country house design and gardening, while histories of agricultural improvement and enclosure have largely ignored women as a category of landowners and improvers. This is all the more surprising, given the growing body of literature on aristocratic, gentle and middle class women's participation in the economy, politics and the anti-slavery movement, all arenas until recently seen largely as the preserve of men.Drawing on archival materials from across Britain, this project demonstrates that landowning women were actively involved in a bundle of related practices - including parliamentary enclosure, estate rationalisation, agricultural experimentation and major landscaping projects - which together remade the rural landscape in the century and a half after 1700. Thus, for example, Jane Ashley of Ashby St Ledgers (Northamptonshire) doggedly lobbied for the necessary Parliamentary Act and carefully calculated the profits she expected to make from enclosure, while her near-neighbour Elizabeth Prowse of Wicken experimented with new agricultural machinery and new crops on her recently enclosed estate. Further research on Scotland, Wales and Ireland - conducted under the AHRC fellowship - will investigate women's landownership and estate management outside England, providing comparative material with which to assess elite women's contribution to the making of the British landscape as a whole. In revealing these women's hidden histories, the book offers a carefully nuanced critique of recent thinking on women's lives and spaces. It argues that rather than universally retiring into domesticity in the eighteenth century, elite women actually played a key part in shaping agricultural landscapes. At the same time, it investigates how gender roles and identities nevertheless impacted upon the opportunities available to landowning women. In doing so, the book explores important questions about propertied women's role in Georgian society, as well as contributes to wider cultural debates about women's place in the environmental, social and economic history of Britain.At the same time as conducting the new research and producing the monograph, the AHRC fellowship will include a programme of impact activities designed to maximise the public value of my research. This will include writing short articles for various newsletters and magazines, and making open-access materials available to the general public through the dedicated project website. I am also committed to developing additional knowledge exchange opportunities in relation to National Trust and English Heritage properties like Canons Ashby (Northamptonshire) and Wrest Park (Bedfordshire), both previously owned by landowning women I have researched on the project.

我的书项目，“超越公园苍白：精英女性和农业景观，1700- 1830年”，调查了精英女性在管理大型农业庄园中所扮演的角色，特别关注她们在庄园管理，围栏，景观美化和农业改良中的参与。正如艾米·埃里克森和其他人最近所证明的那样，女性地主作为女继承人、寡妇甚至偶尔作为妻子控制着大量的财产。然而，我们几乎不知道他们是如何管理他们庄园的那些部分的，这些部分位于公园的范围之外;也就是说，农场，林地，小屋和其他财产位于围绕公园的围栏或银行之外，游乐场，花园和房子。关于精英女性的现有文献几乎完全集中在她们在家庭管理、乡村房屋设计和园艺方面的作用，而农业改良和圈地的历史在很大程度上忽视了妇女作为土地所有者和改良者的一个类别。考虑到越来越多关于贵族、绅士和中产阶级女性参与经济、政治和反奴隶制运动的文献，这一点就更加令人惊讶了。直到最近，所有这些领域都被认为是男性的专属领域。根据英国各地的档案材料，这个项目表明，拥有土地的女性积极参与了一系列相关的实践--包括议会圈地，在1700年后的世纪半里，土地合理化、农业试验和主要的环境美化工程，共同重塑了乡村景观。例如，来自北安普敦郡阿什比圣莱杰斯（Ashby St Ledgers）的简·阿什利（Jane Ashley）游说国会通过必要的法案，并仔细计算了她希望从圈地中获得的利润，而她的近邻、来自韦茅斯（Wessels）的伊丽莎白·普劳斯（Elizabeth Prowse）则在她最近圈地的庄园里试验新的农业机械和新的作物。在澳大利亚人权委员会研究金下对苏格兰、威尔士和爱尔兰进行的进一步研究将调查英格兰以外妇女的土地所有权和财产管理情况，提供比较材料，用以评估精英妇女对整个英国景观的贡献。在揭示这些女性隐藏的历史时，这本书对最近对女性生活和空间的思考提出了细致入微的批评。它认为，在世纪，精英女性实际上在塑造农业景观方面发挥了关键作用，而不是普遍退休进入农村。与此同时，它调查了性别角色和身份如何影响拥有土地的妇女的机会。在这样做的过程中，这本书探讨了有产妇女在格鲁吉亚社会中的作用的重要问题，以及有助于更广泛的文化辩论妇女在英国的环境，社会和经济史的地方。在进行新的研究和生产的专著的同时，AHRC奖学金将包括旨在最大限度地提高我的研究的公共价值的影响活动的方案。这将包括为各种通讯和杂志撰写短文，并通过专门的项目网站向公众提供开放获取的材料。我还致力于开发更多的知识交流机会，与国家信托和英国遗产，如佳能阿什比（北安普敦郡）和雷斯特公园（贝德福德郡），这两个以前拥有土地的妇女，我已经研究了该项目。