权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

An initial intermedia study of science on television and in museums

电视和博物馆中科学的初步媒介研究

基本信息

批准号：
AH/J01141X/1
负责人：
Timothy Boon
金额：
$ 3.01万
依托单位：
Science Museum Group
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2012 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FJ01141X%2F1
关键词：
initial intermedia study science television

项目摘要

In our scientific and technological society, many from within science argue for the importance of public engagement in science. The arguments are well established, and can be traced in various forms to the 18th century. Humanities perspectives, in this case historical research, can enrich this debate by providing understanding of how the public culture of science has operated in the past; here is the evidence base for the different modes in which science may be presented and consumed. This is a growing field of study within the discipline of the history of science. Much of the work published so far has concentrated on the written word, on books, newspapers and magazines; this is as true of the postwar period as it is of the longer history. The scoping project here, by contrast, looks at the visual media of television and museum display. Arguably this is a very necessary corrective to the existing textual emphasis, especially for the period since 1945 when visual media have gained enormous significance in science communication, as in every department of culture. The proposal argues that it is necessary to move away from studies focussing on single media; to understand how science communication operated within society, we must look at the nature of communication itself and, within the formulation of this project, we propose to achieve that by drawing comparisons between science communication in the time-based medium of television and the spatial medium of museum display. Past TV producers and museum curators existed within the same general culture; they were subject to similar - sometimes effectively identical - pressures from interest groups; and they often produced public representations of the same subjects. By studying both media together it should be possible to 'subtract out' the specifics of each medium and understand significantly more about the activity of science communication itself. We hope to untangle what is intrinsic to each medium; how historical contingency - eg recruiting practices for professional staff - affects mediation; what may be common between media (eg pressure from elites and organisations); and attitudes held in common, for example deference to expertise or authority. The period chosen - 1945-1970 - is particularly interesting and appropriate for this study. I have argued elsewhere that this era, and specifically 1957 to 1964, should be considered the point at which science on television became established. The BBC's Horizon began transmission in 1964 and, by the end of 1969 had broadcasted 135 issues. Neither was The Science Museum a backwater in this period: 85 special exhibitions were held between 1946 and 1970, at the same time as the Museum's staff also installed a suite of new galleries into a major new building. Furthermore, this was the era in which activities supplementary to the object displays - lectures, film shows, schools' provision - increased markedly. The comparative approach arises from a highly suggestive 1990 paper by Ghislaine Lawrence, which compared 1950s medical TV and exhibitions. To explore the benefits of the approach when applied to a wider range of programmes and displays requires this scoping study, which we hope will deliver 'proof of concept'. For reasons of achievability, this project focuses on British television and the Science Museum South Kensington; a much more comprehensive picture is a good ambition, but one that will require much more extended study.

在我们的科学和技术社会中，许多科学界人士认为公众参与科学的重要性。这些论点已经很好地建立起来，可以以各种形式追溯到18世纪的世纪。人文视角，在这种情况下的历史研究，可以丰富这场辩论，通过提供科学的公共文化如何在过去的运作的理解;这里是科学可能被呈现和消费的不同模式的证据基础。这是科学史学科中一个不断发展的研究领域。到目前为止，出版的大部分作品都集中在书面文字、书籍、报纸和杂志上;战后时期和更长的历史时期都是如此。相比之下，这里的范围项目着眼于电视和博物馆展示的视觉媒体。可以说，这是对现有文本重点的一种非常必要的纠正，特别是自1945年以来，视觉媒体在科学传播中获得了巨大的意义，就像在文化的每个部门一样。该提案认为，有必要远离专注于单一媒体的研究;为了了解科学传播如何在社会中运作，我们必须研究传播本身的性质，并且在该项目的制定过程中，我们建议通过比较基于时间的电视媒体和博物馆展示的空间媒体中的科学传播来实现这一目标。过去的电视制片人和博物馆馆长都生活在同一种文化中;他们受到来自利益集团的类似（有时实际上是相同的）压力;他们经常制作相同主题的公共作品。通过一起研究这两种媒介，应该有可能“减去”每种媒介的细节，并更好地了解科学传播本身的活动。我们希望解开什么是内在的每一个媒体;历史的偶然性-例如招聘专业人员的做法-如何影响调解;媒体之间可能有什么共同之处（例如来自精英和组织的压力）;和共同持有的态度，例如尊重专业知识或权威。选择的时期- 1945年至1970年-是特别有趣的和适当的这项研究。我曾在其他地方论证过，这个时代，特别是1957年至1964年，应该被认为是电视上的科学开始确立的时间点。BBC的《地平线》于1964年开播，到1969年底已播出了135期。科学博物馆在这一时期也不是一潭死水：1946年至1970年间举办了85次特别展览，同时博物馆的工作人员还在一座主要的新建筑中安装了一套新的画廊。此外，这是一个时代，活动的补充对象显示-讲座，电影放映，学校的规定-显着增加。这种比较方法源于Ghislaine Lawrence在1990年发表的一篇极具启发性的论文，该论文比较了20世纪50年代的医疗电视和展览。为了探索这种方法在应用于更广泛的方案和显示器时的好处，需要进行这项范围研究，我们希望这将提供“概念证明”。出于可重复性的原因，这个项目的重点是英国电视和科学博物馆南肯辛顿;一个更全面的图片是一个很好的野心，但一个将需要更多的扩展研究。