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Crowd-Sourcing Scoping Study

众包范围研究

基本信息

批准号：
AH/J01155X/1
负责人：
Mark Hedges
金额：
$ 3.81万
依托单位：
King's College London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2012 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FJ01155X%2F1
关键词：
Crowd Sourcing Scoping Study

项目摘要

Enthusiasts, connoisseurs and interested amateurs can and do offer much knowledge to the arts and humanities, but we understand little about the communities they form and come from. This review will focus on crowd-sourcing, an existing technique for gathering information from large, distributed user groups, which is ripe to be expanded and developed to meet humanities research needs. What they can these communities offer, what relationships do they form with the academy, and how do aspects of community motivate them to contribute their knowledge. The review will be inquisitive - looking at the nature of those communities - and proactive, working with Connected Communities programme to identify the most productive ways for the AHRC to engage with them. At the heart of this is crowd-sourcing. First coined in 2006, the term itself is not unproblematic: crowd-sourcing has been described as a business model in which a company's consumer group participates in product or service design, and as the harvesting of large amounts of user generated content from social media sites (see Huberman et. al. 2010, 'Crowd-sourcing, attention and productivity', JIS 2009, vol 36:6, 758-765). The questions it provokes for the arts and humanities are numerous: how do communities form around a shared interest in an academic subject, what is the role played by a shared capacity to contribute knowledge to it; what benefits accrue from this process and to whom; which parts of the AHRC's domain stand to gain most by engaging with such 'contributing communities'; how and why such these come to exist, and how they can be identified and reached by the Connected Communities programme; and - not least - what are the main technical challenges facing humanists and arts researchers who wish to draw on the expertise of geographically distributed communities. In recent years the HE sector has responded to these questions obliquely, by adopting crowd-sourcing models. However, few if any of these questions have been addressed systematically (until now). Most academic research projects using crowd-sourcing have largely maintained the approach implied by the word 'crowd', and have been oriented towards the volume of participation, and the advancement of knowledge that a large community of volunteers can make only by virtue of its numbers (examples include GalaxyZoo and Distributed Proofreaders). This review seeks to be the beginning of a process of exploration in to how crowd-sourcing models can be adapted, re-purposed and reformed in order to become useful vehicles for the creation of academic knowledge in the arts and humanities.The review incorporates a number of information-gathering strands: desk research in to the literature produced by crowd-sourcing projects in the science and social sciences, and focusing in greater depth on those early adopters in the humanities and arts; a survey of contributors to crowd-sourcing projects exploring why they contribute data and what they get out of it; and in-depth interviews with a selected sample of these. This will be complemented by on-line and face to face networking activities in the form of two workshops and an interactive website.The outcomes will be an overview of crowd-sourcing's current application in the arts and humanities, the background of that application in the sciences and social sciences; an assessment of where, in the arts and humanities, the most fruitful possibilities lie for these applications in the future, and a typology of crowd-sourcing methods which will offer the Connected Communities programme a framework for its future thinking in this area.

爱好者、鉴赏家和感兴趣的业余爱好者可以也确实为艺术和人文学科提供了很多知识，但我们对他们形成和来自的社区知之甚少。这篇综述将聚焦于众包，这是一种现有的从大型、分布的用户群体中收集信息的技术，它已经成熟，可以扩展和发展，以满足人文科学研究的需要。这些社区能提供什么，他们与学院建立了什么关系，以及社区的哪些方面激励他们贡献自己的知识。审查将是探究式的——考察这些社区的性质——并积极主动地与“连接社区”项目合作，以确定AHRC与这些社区接触的最有效方式。其核心是众包。这个词最早出现于2006年，它本身并不是没有问题：众包被描述为一种商业模式，在这种模式中，公司的消费者群体参与产品或服务设计，并从社交媒体网站上收获大量用户生成的内容（参见Huberman等人，2010，“众包，注意力和生产力”，JIS 2009, vol 36:6, 758-765）。它为艺术和人文学科提出了许多问题：如何围绕一个学术主题的共同兴趣形成社区，共享能力在贡献知识方面发挥了什么作用；这一过程带来了什么好处，对谁有利；通过与这些“贡献社区”合作，AHRC领域的哪些部分将获得最大收益；互联社区项目如何及为何会出现这些问题，以及如何识别和触及这些问题；而且，同样重要的是，人文主义者和艺术研究人员面临的主要技术挑战是什么，他们希望利用地理上分散的社区的专业知识。近年来，高等教育部门通过采用众包模式间接地回答了这些问题。然而，这些问题几乎没有得到系统的解决（直到现在）。大多数使用群众外包的学术研究项目在很大程度上保持了“群众”一词所隐含的方法，并以参与的数量为导向，以及一个庞大的志愿者社区只能凭借其数量来促进知识的进步（例子包括GalaxyZoo和分布式校对）。本文旨在探索如何调整、重新定位和改革众包模式，以成为创造艺术和人文学科学术知识的有用工具。该审查纳入了若干信息收集方面：对科学和社会科学领域众包项目产生的文献进行案头研究，并更深入地关注人文和艺术领域的早期采用者；对众包项目贡献者的调查，探讨他们为什么贡献数据以及从中得到什么；以及对其中一些人的深度采访。这将辅以联机和面对面的联网活动，包括两个讲习班和一个互动网站。研究结果将概述目前众包在艺术和人文学科中的应用，以及这种应用在科学和社会科学中的背景；评估在艺术和人文领域，未来这些应用最有成效的可能性在哪里，以及一个众包方法的类型学，这将为互联社区项目在这一领域的未来思考提供一个框架。