Woven Communities: exploring community connectedness through baskets, basket-making and basket use in Scotland and beyond

本文以物质文化--苏格兰篮筐为例，通过物质对象来探讨社区的历史与活力。其目的是探索与物质和人工制品相关的人类行动的相互交织的领域如何揭示随着时间的推移影响社区的动态过程。因此，审查将探索苏格兰篮子工作中使用的植物材料的生态领域如何与使用这些材料进行生产的苏格兰实践社区相互依赖。这些反过来又与社会和经济界相互依赖，后者在国内和经济工作中使用人工制品，近年来也在创意和休闲方面使用人工制品。因此，这项审查将为可持续手工艺遗产的概念提供重要的见解，特别是对于手工艺的生产和作用及其与生物多样性的相关性。通过关注一种类型的人工制品，篮子工作，它在苏格兰农耕、农业和渔业社区中低调而普遍的存在，将使我们能够将视野从特定的人类社会历史拓宽到更广泛的范围。篮筐的独特之处在于，与其他手工艺不同，它的技术不能通过机械过程复制。在苏格兰，直到最近，它在农村工业、体育和渔业中的作用是广泛的，具体形式被用于捕鱼、农耕、猎松鸡、冰壶、交通和工业职业。它在过去的社会和文化实践中无处不在，不仅在生产和人类工作中，而且在语言、文学甚至信仰中也是显而易见的。例如，一种常见的篮子材料--柳树，在ceilidh舞蹈(《剥离柳树》)和一系列当代故事(哈利波特的《抽打柳树》)中被提及。因此，篮筐几乎被编织到社会的结构中。这项研究以人工制品为重点的独特视角将导致对社区的整体理解，这可以作为未来可持续手工艺遗产研究的模板，重点放在工艺和材料文化的不同方面，这是审查的预期结果之一。它将揭示社区是如何被实践社区本身产生的物质人工制品交织在一起的，以及一个社区领域的事件如何影响其他领域，导致随着时间的推移而发生变化。回顾将利用几个当代与篮子相关的社区保存的文本和档案，包括苏格兰制篮商、苏格兰博物馆馆长和植物学家。我将尽可能让这些社区参与审查，并在研究过程中与他们进行磋商，同时将这些文献放在最近对物质文化、手工艺和遗产进行的学术研究的背景下。其成果将是一个互动网站和一个经过编辑的汇编，其中包括摘录、摘要和关键文本的叙述以及档案图像。该项目旨在成为一次全面和反思性的知识交流，在篮子学方面拥有既得利益的不同群体将能够为审查做出贡献，反过来，审查的结果将是他们可以使用的无障碍出版物。另一个目标是在国家和国际层面上将苏格兰篮球界与背景联系起来，并将结果的应用范围扩大到更广泛的手工艺社区。在审查过程中，将通过与来自艺术史、人类学和手工艺考古学的学术界、国际博物馆、手工艺和博物馆政策专业人员、可持续发展专家、植物学家和散居海外的手工艺团体的特邀专家举行研讨会和讲习班来实现这一目标。专题讨论会的成果将纳入审查工作。审查还打算提供联系和链接，为审查后展览提供基础。

This review explores the history and vitality of community through material objects, taking an example of material culture, Scottish basketry, as a case study. The aim is to explore how interwoven domains of human action associated with material substances and artefacts reveal insights into the dynamic processes affecting communities through time. Thus the review will explore how the ecological domains of plant materials used in Scottish basket-work are interdependent with Scottish communities of practice who use these materials for production. These are in turn interdependent with the social and economic communities who use the artefacts in domestic and economic work, and in recent years, also in creativity and leisure. Thus the review will provide important insights for the notion of sustainable craft heritage, especially for the production and role of craft and its relevance for biodiversity.Through focussing on one type of artefact, basket-work, its understated yet pervasive presence in Scottish crofting, agricultural and fishing communities will enable us to widen the vista from the particular to the broader scope of human social history. Basketry is unique in that, unlike other crafts, its technique cannot be reproduced by mechanical process. In Scotland, until recently, its role in rural industries, sport and fisheries was extensive, specific forms being used in fishing, crofting, grouse-shooting, curling, transportation and industrial occupations. Its ubiquitous presence in past social and cultural practices is evident not only in acts of production and human work, but also in language, literature, and even belief. A common basketry material, willow, for example, is referred to in ceilidh dance ('strip the willow'), and in a range of contemporary stories (Harry Potter's 'Whumping Willow'. Thus basketry is almost woven into the fabric of society.The unique artefact-focussed perspective of this study will result in a holistic approach to the understanding of community which can act as a template for future research on sustainable craft heritage, focussing on different aspects of craft and material culture, and this is one intended outcome of the review. It will reveal how communities are interwoven by material artefacts which themselves are produced by communities of practice, and how events in one domain of community may impact on other domains, resulting in changes through time.The review will draw on texts and archives housed by several contemporary basket-linked communities, including Scottish basket-makers, Scottish museum curators and botanists. I will involve these communities in the review where possible, and consult with them during the research process, at the same time, setting this literature within the context of recent academic research into material culture, craftmanship and heritage. The outcomes will be an interactive website and an edited compendium containing extracts, summaries and accounts from key texts, and archival images. The project is aimed to be a full and reflexive knowledge exchange where the different groups who have vested interests in basketry will be able to contribute to the review, and reciprocally, the outcomes will be accessible publications which they can use. A further aim is to contextualise Scottish basketry communities at a national and international level, and also to extend the scope of application of the results to wider craft communities. This will be achieved through a symposium and workshop during the review process with invited experts from academic communities concerned with art history, anthropology and the archaeology of craft, international museums, craft and museum policy professionals, sustainable development experts, botanist, and diasporic craft groups. The outcome of the symposium will be integrated within the review. It is also intended that the review will provide the contacts and links to provide the basis for a post-review exhibition.