Generating Justice: The social, legal, political and ethical issues of ensuring justice across generations.

该项目将探讨确保世代正义的社会、法律、政治和伦理问题。它将审查正义对当代人的要求，可以对过去几代人提出的要求，以及未来几代人可以要求的东西。其鲜明的特点和原创性在于它将从刑事、赔偿和社会正义三个不同的领域审查这些问题。这样做既是为了了解每个人所特有的问题，也是为了从他们之间的比较中学习。因此，关键的研究问题是：(1)当代人对前几代人的不公正负有什么责任，特别是在像北爱尔兰这样的冲突后社会的背景下？(2)我们应该如何理解和评估社会、几代人的经济优势和劣势？(3)在一个合理的社会化和家庭教育理论中，如何正确理解当代人为不当行为承担的法律责任？该项目是跨学科的，将吸引贝尔法斯特女王大学哲学、法律、政治学、犯罪学、教育学和社会学的工作人员。在该项目的三个领域具有专门知识的知名学者将被邀请参加相关活动。他们包括：Antony Duff教授(法学，斯特林和明尼苏达)；John Gardner教授(牛津大学法学)；Simon Caney教授(牛津大学政治学)；Mave Cooke教授(都柏林大学哲学)；Andrew Dobson教授(政治学，基尔)；Tim Hayward教授(爱丁堡政治学)；Tom Lodge教授(利默里克政治学)；Matt Matraver教授(纽约政治学)；David Owen教授(南安普顿大学社会和政治哲学)；(Rupert Read教授(东安格利亚大学哲学)；Andrew Schaap教授(埃克塞特政治学)；Adam Swift教授(沃里克政治学)；Sypros Sypros教授(塞浦路斯欧洲大学社会学和人类学)。该项目将采取六个讲习班的形式，三个领域各两个讲习班，以及一个最终会议，旨在汇集讲习班讨论的线索，并着眼于进一步研究的设计。六个讲习班设想如下：冲突后司法(1)对过去不公正的责任(回顾)：谁应该为上一代的不公正买单，以及如何买单？我们现在如何纪念过去的错误，有什么地方需要补偿、和解和宽恕？(2)对未来正义的责任(展望未来)：当代如何才能、也应该如何避免重复过去的不公正？儿童和年轻人作为处理持续冲突的文化遗产和身份的“监护人”所扮演的角色是什么？跨代刑事司法(3)在过去的背景下的当代犯罪(I)：刑事责任的适当说明是否能够而且是否应该考虑到家庭情况和父母的不当行为？(4)当代的犯罪(Ii)：我们可以让父母对其子女的行为负替代责任吗？我们应该如何理解儿童的刑事责任？社会不公正的继承(5)代际社会正义(一)：当代人对后代的责任是什么，特别强调环境随时间退化的问题？(6)代际社会正义(二)：我们应该如何理解和评估家庭在传递有利和不利方面的作用？最后的会议将题为“产生正义：代际正义的问题”。它将包括应邀演讲者就六个分主题的每个主题发表的主旨演讲，受访者来自昆士兰大学。

This project will explore the social, legal, political and ethical issues of ensuring justice across generations. It will examine what justice requires of the present generation, what can be claimed against past generations, and what can be demanded by future generations. Its distinctive character and originality lies in the fact that it will examine these issues in three distinct areas: of criminal, reparative, and social justice. It will do so with a view both to understanding what problems are particular to each and to learning from comparisons between them.Thus the key research questions are:(1) What are the responsibilities of the current generation for the injustices of previous generations, especially in the context of post-conflict societies such as Northern Ireland? (2) How should we understand and evaluate the transmission of social, economic advantage and disadvantage across generations? (3) What is the proper understanding of legal liability for the wrongdoing of the present generation within a plausible theory of socialisation and familial education?The project is interdisciplinary and will draw on staff at Queen's University Belfast from the subjects of Philosophy, Law, Politics, Criminology, Education and Sociology. Leading academics with expertise in the three areas of the project will be invited to attend the relevant events. These include: Professor Antony Duff (Law, Stirling and Minnesota); Professor John Gardner (Law, Oxford);Professor Simon Caney (Politics, Oxford); Professor Maeve Cooke (Philosophy, University College Dublin); Professor Andrew Dobson (Politics, Keele); Professor Tim Hayward (Politics, Edinburgh); Professor Tom Lodge (Politics & Public Administration, Limerick); Professor Matt Matravers (Politics, York); Professor David Owen (Social and Political Philosophy, Southampton); (Professor Rupert Read (Philosophy, University of East Anglia); Professor Andrew Schaap (Politics, Exeter); Professor Adam Swift (Politics, Warwick); Professor Sypros Sypros (Sociology and Anthropology, European University, Cyprus).The project will take the form of six workshops, two in each of the three areas, and a final conference designed to draw together the threads of the workshop discussions and oriented to the design of further research.The six workshops are envisaged as follows:POST-CONFLICT JUSTICE(1) Responsibilities for past injustice (Looking back): Who should pay, and how, for the injustices of the previous generation? How do we now memorialise the wrongs of the past and what place is there for reparation, reconciliation and forgiveness?(2) Responsibilities for future justice (Looking forward) : How can and how should the present generation avoid repeating the injustices of the past? What is the role of children and young people as 'custodians' of cultural heritages and identities that dispose to continuing conflict?INTER-GENERATIONAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE(3) The crimes of the present generation within the context of the past (I): can and should a proper account of criminal liability take account of family circumstances and parental misconduct?(4) The crimes of the present generation within the context of the present (II): can we hold parents vicariously liable for the behaviour of their children? How should we understand the criminal responsibilities of children?THE INHERITANCE OF SOCIAL INJUSTICE(5) Intergenerational social justice (I): what is owed by the current generation to future generations, with particular emphasis upon the problem of environmental degradation across time?(6) Intergenerational social justice (II): how should we understand and evaluate the role of the family in the transmission of advantage and disadvantage?The final conference will be entitled 'Generating Justice: The Problem of Intergenerational Justice'. It will comprise keynote addresses from invited speakers on each of the six sub-themes with respondents drawn from QUB.