RFA-CE-23-005, Pathways to firearm violence perpetration: The role of schools, social welfare, and justice systems during the formative school years.

项目概要/摘要 该项目的目标是对学校到监狱的枪支暴力管道进行纵向研究 犯罪，总体目标是进行研究，为加强安全和 防止与枪支有关的伤害、死亡和犯罪。在2020年，与枪支有关的凶杀案是导致 美国15 - 44岁人群的死亡率;以及，在2021年，明尼苏达州死于 枪声达到了20多年来的最高水平。除了巨大的健康负担，枪支暴力 是青年参与司法系统的一个重要因素。枪支暴力不成比例地影响 服务不足的人口，其中BIAUNK（黑人，土著，亚洲人，人民或颜色）青年在 学校纪律和司法系统，特别是在明尼苏达州，那里有最明显的种族/民族之一， 国家的差距。然而，人们对枪支暴力犯罪的这些轨迹知之甚少。表述 在社会生态学框架内，我们将首先研究向枪支暴力的过渡（即，射击时间 暴力犯罪），并跟踪暴力行为如何随着时间的推移而变化和加剧。然后我们将检查 学校环境中的暴力行为和相关的纪律处分对未来的影响 在成年早期参与司法系统;儿童时期接受社会福利支助 影响未来与枪支有关的暴力行为，重点是经济上处于不利地位的青年;以及如何影响 这种关系可能因种族/民族而异。根据研究目标一和外地住房储备金供资方案A， CE-23 - 005，我们将进行一项纵向队列研究，跟踪140万名在K-12公立学校入学的儿童。 明尼苏达州的学校超过15年，并与法院和人类服务部门的数据相关联 在青年发展的关键时期。我们将研究一个全面的，多层次的历史 描述枪支相关暴力的传播特点，以及社会福利计划在这方面的作用 弹道我们的项目利用了明尼苏达州各部门的个人层面的行政数据， 教育和公共服务部以及州法院行政官办公室。调查结果将有助于告知 发展有希望的机会，以加强安全和防止与火器有关的伤害，死亡， 犯罪通过这项研究，我们将发现有关枪支首次犯罪的重要证据 暴力，以及坚持和停止这种暴力。在此过程中，我们将专注于 在学校的成长期、青春期和成年期的不稳定时期。我们的研究将解决 关于学校到监狱枪支暴力管道的重要研究差距，特别是在我们最 弱势青年，并评估社会福利计划如何影响这些轨迹。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The goal of this project is to conduct a longitudinal study of the school-to-prison pipeline to firearm violence perpetration, with the overall objective to conduct research to inform opportunities to enhance safety and prevent firearm-related injuries, death, and crime. In 2020, firearm-related homicides were the leading cause of death among 15-44 year olds in the United States; and, in 2021, the number of Minnesotans who died from gunfire reached its highest level in over 20 years. In addition to the substantial health burden, firearm violence is an important element of youth involvement in the justice system. Firearm violence disproportionately impacts underserved populations with BIAPoC (Black, Indigenous, Asian, People or Color) youth overrepresented in the school discipline and justice systems, particularly in Minnesota which has one of the starkest racial/ethnic disparities in the country. Yet, little is known about these trajectories to firearm violence perpetration. Couched within the socioecological framework, we will first study the transition to firearm violence (i.e., time to firearm violence perpetration) and trace how violent behaviors change and intensify over time. We will then examine the effect of violence perpetrated within the school environment and associated disciplinary actions on future involvement in the justice systems into early adulthood; how receipt of social welfare support during childhood impacts future firearm-related violence perpetration focusing on economically disadvantaged youth; and how this relationship might differ by race/ethnicity. Under Research Objective One and Funding Option A for RFA- CE-23-005, we will conduct a longitudinal cohort study to follow 1.4 million children enrolled in K-12 public schools in Minnesota for over 15 years and individually-linked to data from the court and human service systems during their critical years of youth development. We will examine a comprehensive, multi-layer history to characterize propagation to firearm-related violence, and the role of social welfare programs on this trajectory. Our project utilizes linked individual-level, administrative data from the Minnesota Departments of Education and Human Services, and the State Court Administrator’s Office. The findings will help inform the development of promising opportunities to enhance safety and prevent firearm-related injuries, deaths, and crime. Through this study, we will uncover important evidence regarding the first perpetration of firearm violence, as well as persistence and desistance from such violence. In doing so, we will concentrate on the precarious period of the formative school years, adolescence, and emerging adulthood. Our study will address important research gaps regarding the school-to-prison firearm violence pipeline particularly among our most vulnerable youth and evaluate how social welfare programs affect these trajectories.