RFA-CE-23-005, Pathways to firearm violence perpetration: The role of schools, social welfare, and justice systems during the formative school years.

项目摘要/摘要 这个项目的目标是对从学校到监狱的枪支暴力管道进行纵向研究。 实施，总体目标是进行研究，以提供机会，以加强安全和 防止与枪支有关的伤害、死亡和犯罪。2020年，与枪支有关的杀人案是造成 美国15-44岁的死亡人数；2021年，明尼苏达州死于 枪声达到了20多年来的最高水平。除了沉重的健康负担外，枪支暴力 是青年参与司法系统的一个重要因素。枪支暴力不成比例地影响了 服务不足的人群中，BIAPoC(黑人、土著、亚洲人或有色人种)年轻人在 学校纪律和司法系统，特别是在明尼苏达州，它拥有最严厉的种族/民族之一 这个国家的贫富差距。然而，人们对这些枪支暴力行为的轨迹知之甚少。躺下 在社会生态学框架内，我们将首先研究向枪支暴力的过渡(即，是时候武装起来了 暴力行为)，并追踪暴力行为如何随着时间的推移而变化和加剧。然后我们将检查 在学校环境中发生的暴力行为和相关的纪律处分对未来的影响 在成年早期参与司法系统；在儿童时期如何接受社会福利支助 影响未来以经济困难青年为重点的与枪支有关的暴力行为；以及如何 这种关系可能因种族/民族而异。根据研究目标一和RFA的资金备选方案A- CE-23-005，我们将进行一项纵向队列研究，跟踪140万名参加K-12公共课程的儿童 明尼苏达州超过15年的学校和个人-链接到来自法院和公共服务的数据 在青年发展的关键年龄段，儿童基金会将继续支持青年发展系统的发展。我们将考察一部全面的、多层次的历史 描述与枪支有关的暴力的传播特征，以及社会福利计划在这方面的作用 弹道。我们的项目利用来自明尼苏达州各部门的链接的个人级别的管理数据 教育和公共服务部以及州法院行政长官办公室。这些发现将有助于向 为加强安全和防止与枪支有关的伤害、死亡和 犯罪。通过这项研究，我们将发现关于第一次使用枪支的重要证据 暴力，以及对这种暴力的坚持和制止。在这样做的过程中，我们将专注于 风雨飘摇的学生时期、青春期和成年初期。我们的研究将解决 关于从学校到监狱的枪支暴力管道的重要研究差距，特别是在我们最 并评估社会福利计划如何影响这些发展轨迹。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The goal of this project is to conduct a longitudinal study of the school-to-prison pipeline to firearm violence perpetration, with the overall objective to conduct research to inform opportunities to enhance safety and prevent firearm-related injuries, death, and crime. In 2020, firearm-related homicides were the leading cause of death among 15-44 year olds in the United States; and, in 2021, the number of Minnesotans who died from gunfire reached its highest level in over 20 years. In addition to the substantial health burden, firearm violence is an important element of youth involvement in the justice system. Firearm violence disproportionately impacts underserved populations with BIAPoC (Black, Indigenous, Asian, People or Color) youth overrepresented in the school discipline and justice systems, particularly in Minnesota which has one of the starkest racial/ethnic disparities in the country. Yet, little is known about these trajectories to firearm violence perpetration. Couched within the socioecological framework, we will first study the transition to firearm violence (i.e., time to firearm violence perpetration) and trace how violent behaviors change and intensify over time. We will then examine the effect of violence perpetrated within the school environment and associated disciplinary actions on future involvement in the justice systems into early adulthood; how receipt of social welfare support during childhood impacts future firearm-related violence perpetration focusing on economically disadvantaged youth; and how this relationship might differ by race/ethnicity. Under Research Objective One and Funding Option A for RFA- CE-23-005, we will conduct a longitudinal cohort study to follow 1.4 million children enrolled in K-12 public schools in Minnesota for over 15 years and individually-linked to data from the court and human service systems during their critical years of youth development. We will examine a comprehensive, multi-layer history to characterize propagation to firearm-related violence, and the role of social welfare programs on this trajectory. Our project utilizes linked individual-level, administrative data from the Minnesota Departments of Education and Human Services, and the State Court Administrator’s Office. The findings will help inform the development of promising opportunities to enhance safety and prevent firearm-related injuries, deaths, and crime. Through this study, we will uncover important evidence regarding the first perpetration of firearm violence, as well as persistence and desistance from such violence. In doing so, we will concentrate on the precarious period of the formative school years, adolescence, and emerging adulthood. Our study will address important research gaps regarding the school-to-prison firearm violence pipeline particularly among our most vulnerable youth and evaluate how social welfare programs affect these trajectories.