A Violent World of Difference: Magnus Hirschfeld and the Shaping of Queer Modernity

差异的暴力世界：马格努斯·赫希菲尔德与酷儿现代性的塑造

• 批准号: AH/L003848/1
• 负责人: Heike Bauer
• 金额: $ 11.64万
• 依托单位: Birkbeck, University of London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2014 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FL003848%2F1
• 关键词: Violent; World; Difference; Magnus; Hirschfeld

This research will examine how violence, death, hatred and persecution affected the development modern queer identity and culture. It focuses on the work and reception of the prolific Jewish sexologist and activist Magnus Hirschfeld (1868-1935), who is best known today for his homosexual rights activism, foundational studies of transvestism and opening of the world's first Institute of Sexual Sciences in Berlin. But Hirschfeld was also a chronicler of the effects of hate and violence against lesbians and homosexual men and other groups of people. Publishing both in German and English and influenced by his literary as well as medical training, he wrote, for example, about the death of Oscar Wilde and how it affected homosexual men at the turn of the last century; he conducted the first statistical surveys of lesbian and homosexual suicide; and he published books on war, nationalism and racism in which he collated evidence of different forms of collective discrimination and their impact on individual lives. A well-known figure amongst contemporary writers and artists, he was instrumental in the production of a series of films about aspects of sexual discrimination, famously starring in Anders als die Anderen [Different from the Others], a silent movie about homosexual blackmail released in German cinemas in 1919. Hirschfeld's homosexuality as much as his Jewishness, and his cultural activities as much as his political activism, were at the centre of several verbal and physical attacks on his life. Having travelled extensively between the 1890s and 1920s, he eventually left Germany for good in 1930 because of the increased threat of Nazi persecution. When he returned to Europe from a world lecturing tour two years later, Hirschfeld witnessed in a cinema in Paris news of the destruction of his Institute, which culminated in his bust being paraded through the streets of Berlin before it was set alight in the first of the Nazi book burnings. A Violent World of Difference excavates this complex archive for the insights it provides into the role of violence in the shaping of modern queer identity and culture. Engaging with the recent 'negative turn' in queer history - the focus on difficult experiences in the queer past and their legacies - and current scholarship on cultural politics, feelings and modernity, the research examines the narratives about lesbian and homosexual death, suicide, injury and persecution in Hirschfeld's work to show how such suffering was understood at the time. It brings together analyses of sexological literature, literary and popular culture, film and photography to demonstrate that traumatic experiences had a significant impact not only on the individuals subjected to them but also on the shaping of a wider modern queer culture. By paying attention to Hirschfeld's travels and the translations of his work, the project further traces the transnational contours of queer suffering, revealing that violent attacks on lesbians and homosexual men created emotional shockwaves that rippled far across the geopolitical boundaries of the modern world. In so doing, then, this research also tells a broader story about how 'identity' was experienced, transmitted, damaged and sustained in the transnational shaping of modernity.

这项研究将探讨暴力、死亡、仇恨和迫害如何影响现代酷儿身份和文化的发展。它重点介绍了多产的犹太性学家和活动家马格努斯·赫希菲尔德（Magnus Hirschfeld，1868-1935 年）的工作和接受情况，他如今因其同性恋权利活动、异装癖基础研究以及在柏林开设世界上第一个性科学研究所而闻名。但赫希菲尔德也是对女同性恋、男同性恋和其他人群的仇恨和暴力影响的记录者。他以德语和英语出版作品，并受到文学和医学训练的影响，例如，他撰写了有关奥斯卡·王尔德之死及其如何影响上世纪之交的同性恋男性的文章；他首次对女同性恋和同性恋自杀进行了统计调查；他还出版了有关战争、民族主义和种族主义的书籍，在书中整理了不同形式的集体歧视及其对个人生活影响的证据。作为当代作家和艺术家中的知名人物，他在一系列有关性别歧视的电影的制作中发挥了重要作用，其中最著名的是 1919 年在德国电影院上映的一部关于同性恋勒索的无声电影《Anders als die Anderen》（与其他人不同）。赫希菲尔德的同性恋身份和他的犹太身份，他的文化活动和他的政治活动，都在 是他生活中多次言语和身体攻击的中心。他在 1890 年代至 1920 年代广泛旅行，最终因纳粹迫害的威胁日益增加而于 1930 年永远离开德国。两年后，当他结束世界巡回演讲返回欧洲时，赫希菲尔德在巴黎的一家电影院目睹了他的研究所被毁的消息，最终他的半身像在柏林街头游行，随后在纳粹第一次焚烧书籍中被点燃。 《暴力的差异世界》挖掘了这个复杂的档案，以期为暴力在塑造现代酷儿身份和文化中的作用提供见解。该研究结合了最近酷儿历史上的“消极转向”——关注酷儿过去的艰难经历及其遗产——以及当前关于文化政治、情感和现代性的学术研究，考察了赫希菲尔德作品中关于女同性恋和同性恋死亡、自杀、伤害和迫害的叙述，以展示当时人们如何理解这种痛苦。它汇集了对性学文学、文学和流行文化、电影和摄影的分析，证明创伤经历不仅对遭受创伤的个人产生了重大影响，而且对更广泛的现代酷儿文化的形成也产生了重大影响。通过关注赫希菲尔德的旅行和他作品的翻译，该项目进一步追踪了酷儿苦难的跨国轮廓，揭示了对女同性恋者和男同性恋者的暴力攻击所造成的情感冲击波，远远跨越了现代世界的地缘政治边界。因此，在这样做的过程中，这项研究还讲述了一个更广泛的故事，即“身份”在现代性的跨国塑造中是如何经历、传播、破坏和维持的。

项目成果

The Hirschfeld Archives: Violence, Death, and Modern Queer Culture

赫希菲尔德档案馆：暴力、死亡和现代酷儿文化

• 发表时间: 2017
• 作者: Bauer, H

The Cambridge Companion to the Body in Literature

剑桥文学身体伴侣

• 发表时间: 2015
• 作者: Barry, Elizabeth

Sexology and Translation: Cultural and Scientific Encounters Across the Modern World

性学与翻译：现代世界的文化与科学相遇

• 发表时间: 2015
• 作者: Bauer, H