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Cultural and Scientific Perceptions of Human-Chicken Interactions

对人鸡相互作用的文化和科学认知

基本信息

批准号：
AH/L006979/1
负责人：
Mark Maltby
金额：
$ 200.88万
依托单位：
Bournemouth University
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2014 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FL006979%2F1
关键词：
Cultural Scientific Perceptions Human Chicken

项目摘要

The chicken is native to Southeast Asia but over the last 8,000 years it has been transported by people around the world - no other livestock species is so widely established. The chicken's eastward spread from Asia to the Americas has been the subject of many studies; however, its diffusion to the West has received much less attention. There have been a few small-scale surveys documenting the spread of chickens across Europe but there has been no comprehensive review about the rapidity of the spread and its cultural and environmental impacts. No ancient (and little modern) DNA work has been published for European chickens, nor have there been any isotopic studies focussed specifically upon their diets or whether they were bred locally or traded. Given the social and cultural significance of this species (whether as a provider of meat, eggs or feathers, its widespread use in cockfighting or its association with ritual, magic and medicine), a detailed analysis of the natural and cultural history of chickens in Europe is long overdue and this has genuine potential to provide cultural data of the highest quality and relevance for a range of disciplines and audiences.To realise this potential and elucidate the circumstances and meaning of the westward spread of the chicken from the late prehistoric period to modern times our trans-disciplinary team - composed of experts of international renown in European archaeology, anthropology, genetics, zooarchaeology, and other branches of archaeological science - will integrate the evidence from their specialist studies to answer the following questions:1) When, how and why did domestication and the early husbandry of chicken take place in Europe?2) How rapidly did chickens spread into different parts of Europe and how was this diffusion linked to population movements, trade or cultural changes?3) When did poultry and egg production emerge and how intensively were chickens exploited for these products in different regions and periods?4) When and where did modern chicken breeds develop?5) How have chickens changed society and culture in antiquity and in modern times?6) Can evidence from the past be used to transform modern practices of chicken management?Research will be carried out at the Universities of Bournemouth, Nottingham, Roehampton, Durham, Leicester and York to investigate these questions. This work will be supported by an interactive research network "The Chicken Coop" (www.chickenco-op.net) that has already been established. In addition to the Chicken Coop members, we will work with colleagues from many parts of the UK and continental Europe, who will supply information and samples for analysis. Our research will directly involve groups drawn from beyond the academic community (including schoolchildren, chicken breeders and artists), with whom we will collaborate to produce physical and virtual art exhibitions. These will complement a series of museum exhibitions 'The Chicken Trail' that, together, will tell the story of the chicken's domestication and spread across Europe. The research will generate a large number of papers for academic journals and provide other publications and outputs aimed at a wider audience. The project aims to use the study of chickens to demonstrate how studies in the arts, humanities and sciences can be fused together for the benefit of both academic and non-academic communities. Chickens play a major role in modern European societies. This project will greatly increase our knowledge of the history of this exotic species and allow those who keep chickens to appreciate how this knowledge can be used to the benefit of the management of chickens in the present and future.

鸡原产于东南亚，但在过去的8000年里，它被人们带到世界各地——没有其他牲畜物种像鸡一样广泛存在。鸡从亚洲向东传播到美洲一直是许多研究的主题；然而，它在西方的传播却很少受到关注。有一些小规模的调查记录了鸡在欧洲的传播，但没有关于传播速度及其文化和环境影响的全面审查。没有关于欧洲鸡的古代（现代也很少）DNA研究发表，也没有任何专门针对它们的饮食或它们是在当地饲养还是交易的同位素研究。鉴于这一物种的社会和文化意义（无论是作为肉、蛋或羽毛的提供者，它在斗鸡中的广泛应用，还是与仪式、魔法和医学的联系），对欧洲鸡的自然和文化历史的详细分析早就应该进行，这有真正的潜力为一系列学科和受众提供最高质量和相关性的文化数据。为了实现这一潜力，并阐明鸡从史前晚期到现代向西传播的情况和意义，我们的跨学科团队——由欧洲考古学、人类学、遗传学、动物考古学和其他考古科学分支的国际知名专家组成——将整合他们的专业研究证据，回答以下问题：鸡的驯化和早期饲养是如何以及为什么在欧洲发生的？2)鸡传播到欧洲不同地区的速度有多快，这种传播与人口流动、贸易或文化变化有何联系？3)家禽和蛋类生产是什么时候出现的？在不同的地区和时期，鸡的集约化程度如何？4)现代鸡品种是何时何地发展起来的？5)鸡在古代和现代是如何改变社会和文化的？过去的证据可以用来改变现代养鸡管理的做法吗？研究将在伯恩茅斯大学、诺丁汉大学、罗汉普顿大学、达勒姆大学、莱斯特大学和约克大学进行，以调查这些问题。这项工作将得到已经建立的交互式研究网络“The Chicken Coop”（www.chickenco-op.net）的支持。除了鸡舍的成员，我们将与来自英国和欧洲大陆许多地方的同事合作，他们将提供信息和样本进行分析。我们的研究将直接涉及学术界以外的群体（包括学童、养鸡者和艺术家），我们将与他们合作，制作实体和虚拟的艺术展览。这些展品将成为博物馆“鸡之路”系列展览的补充，这些展览将共同讲述鸡被驯化并传播到欧洲的故事。这项研究将为学术期刊产生大量论文，并为更广泛的读者提供其他出版物和产出。该项目旨在通过对鸡的研究来展示如何将艺术、人文和科学研究融合在一起，以造福学术界和非学术界。鸡在现代欧洲社会中扮演着重要角色。这个项目将大大增加我们对这种外来物种历史的了解，并让养鸡的人认识到如何将这些知识用于现在和将来的养鸡管理。