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Making Visible: The visual and graphic practices of the early Royal Society

变得可见：早期皇家学会的视觉和图形实践

基本信息

批准号：
AH/M001938/1
负责人：
Sachiko Kusukawa
金额：
$ 99.99万
依托单位：
University of Cambridge
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2015 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FM001938%2F1
关键词：
Making Visible visual graphic practices

项目摘要

The Royal Society of London, founded in 1660, was an important institution for early modern science, dedicated to the collective investigation of nature. Many of the publications it sponsored, such as Robert Hooke's Micrographia or Francis Willughby's Historia piscium, as well as its journal, Philosophical Transactions, contained extensive illustrations. The archives of the Society also include a rich variety of images. Yet, the function of images in the process of developing and communicating scientific knowledge has been under-studied in the case of the Royal Society. The first fifty years of the Society at Gresham College was a formative period during which it grappled with strategies to present a new form of knowledge and establish its own authority in scientific matters. This project will result in the first comprehensive account of the complex and ingenious ways in which visual resources were deployed for the collective investigation of nature by the early Royal Society, and how the Royal Society in turn helped define and establish a scientific visual culture in the early modern period. It will contribute more generally to the role of the visual in the history of scientific experience and observation.The project will bring to light hitherto unknown or under-researched pictorial sources from the Royal Society, and study them alongside other archival and published sources of the early Royal Society. Collaboration with historians of science, historians of art, historians of the book, conservators and curators of prints, drawings, scientific instruments and herbaria, will lead to a comprehensive account of the various visualization techniques deployed by Fellows of the Royal Society. The project will first carry out a full survey of the visual sources and materials used by the Royal Society in its first fifty years by locating surviving material and identifying identities of the graphic craftsmen involved. This will be the basis for investigating two key themes.i) Image-making.The Royal Society generated and deployed visual resources in a dynamic process involving complex procedures and numerous people in the selection of objects and instruments (scientific as well as graphic), drawing, copying, correcting and authorizing images, as well as in the decision to publish an image or not, and in what medium. The surviving materials reveal rich and heterogeneous collaborations in visualization: graphic craftsmen with a range of skills and background and Fellows of the Royal Society with virtuoso appreciation of art and collections learned to see and understand nature from each other. Such collaborations laid the foundation for a visual literacy of science.ii) Knowledge-making. Images shaped and contributed to the formation and dissemination of knowledge for the Royal Society, in communicating new discoveries, resolving conflicts, and forming and defining a community. Images played an important role alongside texts and objects in establishing the Society's authority in matters of knowledge. Understanding the Royal Society's visual and graphic practices will shed light on the emergence of a visual culture of science that shaped and sustained a community of natural philosophers.The vibrant multi-disciplinary research culture at the Centre for Research in the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities is an ideal academic context for this project. It has an active post-doctoral community engaged in various projects, including visual and material cultures and the digital humanities. Its international collaboration with USC Early Modern Studies Institute and Huntington Library brings further opportunities for the cross-fertilisation of ideas and approaches. The collaboration with the Royal Society Library and its Picture Library in addition to a virtual and physical exhibition will ensure the sustained availability of the project's research results to a wider audience.

成立于1660年的伦敦皇家学会是早期现代科学的重要机构，致力于对自然的集体调查。它赞助的许多出版物，如罗伯特·胡克的《显微摄影》或弗朗西斯·威勒比的《鱼类历史》，以及它的期刊《哲学学报》，都包含了大量的插图。该协会的档案还包括各种各样的图像。然而，就皇家学会而言，图像在发展和传播科学知识过程中的作用尚未得到充分研究。在格雷欣学院的第一个五十年的社会是一个形成时期，在此期间，它努力与战略，提出一种新的知识形式，并建立自己的权威，在科学问题。该项目将首次全面介绍早期皇家学会为集体调查自然而部署视觉资源的复杂而巧妙的方式，以及皇家学会如何反过来帮助定义和建立现代早期的科学视觉文化。该项目将揭示皇家学会迄今未知或研究不足的图片来源，并与早期皇家学会的其他档案和出版来源一起研究它们。与科学史学家、艺术史学家、图书史学家、版画、绘画、科学仪器和植物标本馆的管理员和策展人合作，将全面介绍皇家学会院士采用的各种可视化技术。该项目将首先对皇家学会在其前50年中使用的视觉资源和材料进行全面调查，找到幸存的材料，并确定所涉及的图形工匠的身份。这将是研究两个关键主题的基础。i）图像制作。皇家学会在一个动态过程中生成和部署视觉资源，涉及复杂的程序和众多的人，包括选择对象和工具（科学和图形），绘制，复制，纠正和授权图像，以及决定是否发布图像以及使用什么媒体。幸存的材料揭示了丰富和异质的可视化合作：具有一系列技能和背景的图形工匠和皇家学会的研究员，他们对艺术和收藏品有着精湛的鉴赏力，学会了从彼此那里看到和理解自然。这种合作为科学的视觉素养奠定了基础。图像塑造并促进了皇家学会知识的形成和传播，在交流新发现，解决冲突，形成和定义一个社区。图像与文本和物品一起在建立学会在知识问题上的权威方面发挥了重要作用。了解皇家学会的视觉和图形的做法将阐明科学的视觉文化的出现，塑造和维持了一个社区的自然哲学家。在艺术，社会科学和人文研究中心充满活力的多学科研究文化是一个理想的学术环境，这个项目。它有一个活跃的博士后社区从事各种项目，包括视觉和物质文化和数字人文。它与南加州大学早期现代研究所和亨廷顿图书馆的国际合作为思想和方法的交叉交流带来了进一步的机会。与皇家学会图书馆及其图片图书馆的合作，以及虚拟和实物展览，将确保该项目的研究成果可持续地提供给更广泛的受众。