Rethinking Existentialism
反思存在主义
基本信息
- 批准号:AH/M008614/1
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 8.67万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:英国
- 项目类别:Fellowship
- 财政年份:2015
- 资助国家:英国
- 起止时间:2015 至 无数据
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Existentialism continues to be widely discussed across the arts and humanities in academia. However, there has never been any agreement on which thinkers or theories count as existentialist. Academic discussions of existentialism are thereby significantly fragmented, with different disciplines taking different works as paradigmatic of existentialism, making it very difficult for insights into existentialism from any one of these disciplines to inform discussions of existentialism in any other, or for insights from discussion of one thinker to inform discussions of other thinkers. So although the discussions of existentialism within each discipline have been fruitful, they have been hampered by this lack of any core conception of existentialism.This project will overcome this fragmentation by developing and disseminating a core conception of existentialism. It will be argued that the central tenet of existentialism is the claim 'existence precedes essence', which means that an individual has no fixed personality but rather develops character through experiences and actions. But it will also be argued that the core of existentialism is not the form of this claim that Sartre propounded when he first defined the term in 1945, which entails that the individual can at any time adopt an entirely new character. It is instead the form of this claim that Beauvoir propounded at that time and that Sartre later came to accept, according to which the individual's character becomes embedded as time goes on, to the point at which it cannot be changed. It is this idea of 'becoming', or habituation, the project will argue, that is at the core of the mature form of existentialism shared by Beauvoir, Fanon, and Sartre in 1952.This will be argued through analysis of the core philosophical and literary works of Beauvoir and Sartre over the period 1943-1952 and analysis of Fanon's work of 1952. This analysis will situate existentialism as a form of Freudian psychoanalysis, rather than the opponent to it that it is usually understood to be. It will explain why Beauvoir and Sartre were right to resist the criticisms brought by their colleagues Camus and Merleau-Ponty, neither of whom accepted the core tenet of existentialism. It will draw out implications of this reading of existentialism for the metaethical question of how there can be any moral values with legitimate claim over us and for contemporary debates over the nature and knowledge of the self. All of this will be detailed in an academic monograph, Rethinking Existentialism, written in a style accessible to advanced undergraduates and with the argumentative sophistication characteristic of leading academic journals. This book is already under contract at Oxford University Press.The final draft of the monograph will be developed through interdisciplinary workshops on Beauvoir's conception of becoming and on Fanon's moral psychology, which will bring leading scholars together to explore the project's themes; through a conference bringing leading scholars of existentialism together with practitioners of psychotherapy; and through a YouTube channel of short accessible lectures on the central ideas of the project.Although the monograph could in principle be completed through contractual research time and sabbatical research leave, albeit more slowly than through this project, the other objectives are dependent on the release of my time from other duties and financial support for the direct costs of the events. Without those other objectives, the final form of the monograph would not be sufficiently integrated with the discussions of existentialism in psychotherapy and in academic disciplines other than philosophy to realise its potential as the foundation of the new interdisciplinary investigation of existentialism that this project aims to establish.
在学术界,跨艺术和人文学科的跨学科主义继续被广泛讨论。然而,对于哪些思想家或理论可以算作存在主义者,从来没有任何共识。因此,存在主义的学术讨论非常分散,不同的学科将不同的作品作为存在主义的范式,使得这些学科中任何一个学科对存在主义的见解很难为其他学科的存在主义讨论提供信息,或者从一个思想家的讨论中获得的见解很难为其他思想家的讨论提供信息。因此,尽管存在主义在各个学科中的讨论都取得了丰硕的成果,但由于缺乏存在主义的核心概念,这些讨论受到了阻碍。本项目将通过发展和传播存在主义的核心概念来克服这种分裂。存在主义的核心原则是“存在先于本质”,这意味着一个人没有固定的个性,而是通过经验和行动发展性格。但也有人会说,存在主义的核心并不是爱因斯坦在1945年第一次定义这个术语时提出的这种主张的形式,这种主张意味着个人可以在任何时候采取一种全新的性格。相反,波伏瓦当时提出的、后来被他接受的是这种主张的形式,根据这种形式,个人的性格随着时间的推移而变得根深蒂固,到了不能改变的地步。本项目将论证的是,这种“习惯化”或习惯化的思想,是1952年由波伏瓦、法农和费奥多尔共同拥有的成熟的存在主义形式的核心。这将通过对1943-1952年期间波伏瓦和费奥多尔的核心哲学和文学作品以及法农1952年作品的分析来论证。这种分析将把存在主义看作是弗洛伊德精神分析的一种形式,而不是它通常被理解为的对手。这将解释为什么波伏瓦和卢梭抵制他们的同事加缪和梅洛-庞蒂的批评是正确的,他们都不接受存在主义的核心原则。它将引出存在主义的这种阅读对元伦理问题的影响,即如何存在对我们有合法要求的道德价值,以及当代关于自我的本质和知识的辩论。所有这些都将在一本学术专著《反思非理性主义》中详细介绍,该书的写作风格适合高年级本科生,并具有领先学术期刊所特有的论证性复杂性。这本书已经在牛津大学出版社签约,专著的最后草稿将通过下列方式编写:关于波伏瓦的“成为”概念和法农的道德心理学的跨学科讲习班,将主要学者聚集在一起探讨项目的主题;通过一次会议,将存在主义的主要学者与心理治疗的实践者聚集在一起;和通过YouTube频道的简短访问讲座的中心思想的项目。虽然专题论文可以在原则上完成通过合同研究时间和学术研究休假,虽然比通过这个项目更慢,其他目标取决于我是否能从其他职责中腾出时间,以及是否能为这些活动的直接费用提供财政支持。如果没有这些其他目标,专著的最终形式将不能充分地与存在主义在心理治疗和哲学以外的学科中的讨论相结合,以实现其作为本项目旨在建立的存在主义新的跨学科研究基础的潜力。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(4)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
The International Encyclopedia of Ethics
国际伦理百科全书
- DOI:10.1002/9781444367072.wbiee722
- 发表时间:2013
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:Brighouse H
- 通讯作者:Brighouse H
The Meaning of Life and the Great Philosophers
生命的意义和伟大的哲学家
- DOI:
- 发表时间:2018
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:Webber J
- 通讯作者:Webber J
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Jonathan Webber其他文献
Character
- DOI:
10.2307/j.ctv6gqwmn.9 - 发表时间:
1910-07 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
Jonathan Webber - 通讯作者:
Jonathan Webber
Steroid-induced hyperglycaemia in hospitalised patients – assessing the current knowledge and practice of monitoring and diagnosis
- DOI:
10.7861/clinmedicine.17-3-s14 - 发表时间:
2017-06-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:
- 作者:
Punith Kempegowda;Alana Livesey;Laura McFarlane-Majeed;Martha Stewart;Theresa Smyth;Karen Blackwood;Sofia Salahuddin;Jonathan Webber;Sandip Ghosh - 通讯作者:
Sandip Ghosh
When is HbA1c useful and what do the numbers mean – do they help or hinder?
HbA1c 何时有用?这些数字意味着什么——它们是有帮助还是有阻碍?
- DOI:
- 发表时间:
2023 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0.6
- 作者:
S. Manley;Samiul Mostafa;Jonathan Webber;K. Ganapathy;Roy Taylor;R. Little;Rajeev P Raghavan;Craig Webster;Alison Barratt;R. Round;Irene Stratton;Andreas Karwath;John A. Williams;Georgios V. Gkoutos;G. Roberts;Sandip Ghosh - 通讯作者:
Sandip Ghosh
The Routledge Companion to Phenomenology
劳特利奇现象学伴侣
- DOI:
- 发表时间:
2011 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
Jonathan Webber - 通讯作者:
Jonathan Webber
Abnormalities in glucose metabolism and their relevance to nutrition support in the critically ill.
葡萄糖代谢异常及其与危重患者营养支持的相关性。
- DOI:
10.1097/00075197-199803000-00009 - 发表时间:
1998 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:3.1
- 作者:
Jonathan Webber - 通讯作者:
Jonathan Webber
Jonathan Webber的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Jonathan Webber', 18)}}的其他基金
Reading Sartre: on Phenomenology and Existentialism
读萨特:现象学与存在主义
- 批准号:
AH/H002359/1 - 财政年份:2009
- 资助金额:
$ 8.67万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
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日本存在主义文学研究:诗歌与思想中分析的另一种精神史
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2732630 - 财政年份:2022
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Meaning of Life and the Metaphysics of Death: the Possibilities of Analytic Existentialism and a Critical Examination of it
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20H01175 - 财政年份:2020
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Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
The transdisciplinary developement of existentialism : Jean-Paul Sartre and Italy
存在主义的跨学科发展:让·保罗·萨特和意大利
- 批准号:
15K02390 - 财政年份:2015
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Existentialism and its outside : Jean-Paul Sartre and America
存在主义及其外部:让·保罗·萨特与美国
- 批准号:
24520371 - 财政年份:2012
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Reading Sartre: on Phenomenology and Existentialism
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