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UK Preparation for the UN CRPD Engagement Process: A Three-Jurisdiction Approach

英国为联合国《残疾人权利公约》参与进程所做的准备：三管辖区方法

基本信息

批准号：
AH/N003128/1
负责人：
Wayne Martin
金额：
$ 8.13万
依托单位：
University of Essex
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2015 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FN003128%2F1
关键词：
UK Preparation UN CRPD Engagement

项目摘要

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) is a major international human rights treaty to which the UK is a signatory. The UK will soon be formally reviewed by the CRPD treaty body (the UN Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities) in order to assess UK progress towards CRPD-compliance. This AHRC impact and engagement project will support the UK's preparation for the UN Engagement Process. It will ensure that the UK representative is informed by recent research on legal and ethical issues pertaining to CRPD-compliance, and it will co-ordinate a series of consultations to develop a broad consensus as to the best path towards CRPD-compliance in the UK.The project will focus upon the provisions of law in three distinct legal jurisdictions (England & Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland) as regards persons with impaired decision-making capacity.Some persons with disabilities suffer from impaired decision-making capacity. A person suffering from dementia may have difficulty thinking through important financial information; a person with a learning disability may not be able to make decisions about medical treatment; a person with a brain injury may not be able to make a decision about a proposed settlement from an insurance company, etc. In the UK, legal arrangements governing such circumstances are devolved. There is one statute that governs England and Wales: The Mental Capacity Act 2005 (MCA). In Scotland, the Adults with Incapacity Act 2000 (AWI) applies. In Northern Ireland, matters pertaining to adult incapacity are currently governed by case law, but a new piece of legislation is being prepared for consideration by the Northern Ireland Assembly. This legal diversity presents both a challenge and an opportunity. The challenge is to ensure that the UK representative in the UN Engagement Process has the benefit of adequate research as regards progress towards CRPD compliance across the UK. The opportunity is to use this legal diversity as a tool in identifying the best ways to deal with circumstances of incapacity while ensuring respect for the rights of persons with disabilities and compliance with the UK's obligations under the CRPD.The issues around compliance with the CRPD are sensitive and contentious, and the stakes are high. For example, in England and Wales, the MCA provides for "best-interests decision-making" on behalf of persons lacking in decision-making capacity. In Scotland, the AWI avoids any mention of "best interests." The UN Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities has maintained that "the best interests paradigm must be abolished." Does this mean that England and Wales must repeal or amend the MCA? If so, does the AWI present a better alternative? What strategy should Northern Ireland adopt, as it prepares to legislate on this matter?The AHRC-funded Essex Autonomy Project (EAP) is an interdisciplinary research and public policy initiative with expertise on the ethical and legal imperative to respect the autonomy of persons suffering from mental disorders or other mental impairments. It has played a key role in educating policy makers about the legal and ethical challenges associated with CRPD-compliance. In 2014, the EAP co-ordinated a consultation exercise and provided technical research support to the UK Ministry of Justice in developing a formal legal opinion as to whether the MCA is compliant with the CRPD -- and about what to do if it is not. In this project the EAP team will collaborate with the Centre for Mental Health and Incapacity Law, Rights and Policy (Edinburgh Napier University) in order to assess CRPD-compliance on mental capacity/adult incapacity across all three jurisdictions of the UK. The project will ensure that the UK is prepared for the UN Engagement Process, and contribute to the international reform of law and practice as regards persons with impaired decision-making capacity.

《联合国残疾人权利公约》是一项重要的国际人权条约，英国是该公约的签署国。英国将很快接受《残疾人权利公约》条约机构（联合国残疾人权利委员会）的正式审查，以评估英国在遵守《残疾人权利公约》方面取得的进展。该人权委员会的影响和参与项目将支持英国为联合国参与进程做准备。它将确保英国代表了解与crpd合规性有关的法律和伦理问题的最新研究，并将协调一系列磋商，就英国实现crpd合规性的最佳途径达成广泛共识。该项目将侧重于三个不同司法管辖区（英格兰和威尔士、苏格兰、北爱尔兰）关于决策能力受损人士的法律规定。一些残疾人的决策能力受损。患有痴呆症的人可能难以思考重要的财务信息；有学习障碍的人可能无法对医疗做出决定；脑损伤的人可能无法对保险公司提出的和解方案做出决定等。在英国，管理此类情况的法律安排是下放的。英格兰和威尔士只有一部法律：《2005年精神能力法》（MCA）。在苏格兰，《2000年无行为能力成年人法》（AWI）适用。在北爱尔兰，与成人无行为能力有关的事项目前由判例法管辖，但正在拟订一项新的立法供北爱尔兰议会审议。这种法律的多样性既是挑战，也是机遇。我们面临的挑战是，要确保参与联合国参与进程的英国代表能够从英国各地对《残疾人权利公约》合规进展的充分研究中受益。机会是利用这种法律多样性作为一种工具，确定处理无行为能力情况的最佳方法，同时确保尊重残疾人的权利并遵守联合王国在《残疾人权利公约》下的义务。遵守《残疾人权利公约》的问题既敏感又有争议，而且事关重大。例如，在英格兰和威尔士，《MCA》规定代表缺乏决策能力的人作出“最佳利益决策”。在苏格兰，AWI避免提及任何“最佳利益”。联合国残疾人权利委员会坚持认为“必须废除最佳利益范式”。这是否意味着英格兰和威尔士必须废除或修改MCA？如果是这样，AWI是否提供了一个更好的选择？当北爱尔兰准备就这个问题立法时，它应该采取什么战略？由美国人权委员会资助的埃塞克斯自治项目（EAP）是一项跨学科研究和公共政策倡议，其专业知识涉及尊重精神障碍或其他精神障碍患者的自主权的道德和法律必要性。它在教育政策制定者了解与crpd合规相关的法律和道德挑战方面发挥了关键作用。2014年，EAP协调了一次咨询活动，并为英国司法部提供了技术研究支持，以制定正式的法律意见，以确定MCA是否符合《残疾人权利公约》，以及如果不符合，该怎么办。在这个项目中，EAP小组将与精神健康和无行为能力法律、权利和政策中心（爱丁堡纳皮尔大学）合作，以评估联合王国所有三个司法管辖区关于精神能力/成人无行为能力的《残疾人权利公约》遵守情况。该项目将确保英国为联合国参与进程做好准备，并为有关决策能力受损人士的法律和实践的国际改革做出贡献。