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Analogue Simulation in Modern Physics

现代物理学中的模拟模拟

基本信息

批准号：
AH/P004415/1
负责人：
Karim Pierre Yves Thebault
金额：
$ 25.22万
依托单位：
University of Bristol
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2017 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FP004415%2F1
关键词：
Analogue Simulation Modern Physics

项目摘要

Many of the predictions of modern theoretical physics are extremely difficult to test. For example, Hawking's famous prediction that black holes radiate at a characteristic temperature. Since the temperature of `Hawking radiation' is very low, it is not (even in principle) detectable via observational astronomy. Furthermore, is is unlikely that we will ever be able to construct black holes here on earth. The lack of an in principle means for direct experimental testing of predictions such as Hawking radiation pose a challenge to conventional scientific methodologies. This challenge is taken up by techniques of `analogue simulation' wherein an accessible `source' system is used to simulate phenomena that are difficult or impossible to test directly within a `target' system. Analogue simulation in modern physics comes in two forms depending upon the type of source and target system: `quantum simulation' and `analogue gravity simulation'. In quantum simulation both source and target systems are typically within the domain of finite dimensional quantum theory. A simple example is where an array of ions (i.e. charged atoms) is controlled via magnetic fields such that they collectively simulate a ferromagnetic material (such as an iron bar magnet). Quantum simulations are potentially very powerful tools for gaining new insights into quantum systems that are hard to manipulate, for example relativistic quantum systems, nano-materials and quantum optical systems. In analogue gravity simulations, condensed matter systems, like fluids, are typically used to simulate gravitational systems, such as black holes or early universe cosmology. Analogue gravity simulations are potentially very powerful tools for gaining new insights into phenomena that are deemed impossible to test directly, such as Hawking radiation. This is a project in the philosophy of science within which we will evaluate the methodological, epistemological and metaphysical foundations of analogue simulation with the goal of providing analytic tools of direct use to scientists, philosophers of science, and science funding decision makers. We answer questions such as: What kind of evidence can analogue simulations provide?; What do analogue simulations have in common with computer simulations and experiments?; What is the scientific and economic value of analogue simulation? We propose that analogue simulation can be understood as a form of `Ersatz' experimentation, involving the `programming' of a physical system such that it can be used to `simulate' another physical system. In general terms, evidence gained from experiments on a particular system is only of real value to the extent to which we have justification for generalising it to a class of relevantly similar `target' systems. Such justificatory arguments are called `external validation' of an experiment. One of the key ideas explored in this project is conditions for external validation of analogue simulations. For example, we aim to examine the conditions in which the analogue simulation of Hawking radiation via condensed matter systems can be externally validated: i.e. when we can genuinely learn about black holes by doing experiments on the analogues.

现代理论物理学的许多预言都极难检验。例如，霍金的著名预测，即黑洞以特征温度辐射。由于“霍金辐射”的温度非常低，因此（甚至原则上）无法通过观测天文学检测到。此外，我们不太可能在地球上建造黑洞。由于缺乏直接实验检验霍金辐射等预言的原则手段，对传统的科学方法提出了挑战。这一挑战由“模拟仿真”技术来应对，其中使用可访问的“源”系统来模拟难以或不可能在“目标”系统内直接测试的现象。现代物理学中的模拟有两种形式，取决于源和目标系统的类型：“量子模拟”和“模拟重力模拟”。在量子模拟中，源系统和目标系统通常都在有限维量子理论的范围内。一个简单的例子是通过磁场控制离子（即带电原子）阵列，使得它们共同模拟铁磁材料（例如铁棒磁铁）。量子模拟是一种非常强大的工具，可以帮助人们对难以操纵的量子系统（例如相对论量子系统、纳米材料和量子光学系统）有新的认识。在模拟引力模拟中，凝聚态系统，如流体，通常用于模拟引力系统，如黑洞或早期宇宙宇宙学。引力模拟可能是非常强大的工具，可以对被认为不可能直接测试的现象（如霍金辐射）获得新的见解。这是一个科学哲学项目，我们将评估模拟仿真的方法论，认识论和形而上学基础，目的是为科学家，科学哲学家和科学资助决策者提供直接使用的分析工具。我们回答的问题有：模拟仿真能提供什么样的证据？模拟仿真与计算机仿真和实验有什么共同之处？模拟仿真的科学和经济价值是什么？我们建议，模拟仿真可以被理解为一种形式的“Erdom”实验，涉及的“编程”的物理系统，使其可以用来“模拟”另一个物理系统。一般来说，从一个特定系统的实验中获得的证据只有在我们有理由将其推广到一类相关相似的“目标”系统的程度上才具有真实的价值。这种证明性的论点被称为实验的“外部验证”。在这个项目中探索的关键思想之一是模拟模拟外部验证的条件。例如，我们的目标是研究通过凝聚态系统模拟霍金辐射的条件可以被外部验证：即当我们可以通过对类似物进行实验来真正了解黑洞时。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

What can bouncing oil droplets tell us about quantum mechanics?

关于量子力学，弹跳的油滴可以告诉我们什么？

DOI：
10.1007/s13194-020-00301-0
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
European Journal for Philosophy of Science
影响因子：
1.5
作者：
Evans P
通讯作者：
Evans P

Models on the move: Migration and imperialism

DOI：
10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.11.008
发表时间：
2019-10-01
期刊：
STUDIES IN HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
影响因子：
1
作者：
Bradley, Seamus;Thebault, Karim P. Y.
通讯作者：
Thebault, Karim P. Y.

Bouncing Unitary Cosmology I: Mini-Superspace General Solution

弹跳酉宇宙论一：小超空间通解

DOI：
10.48550/arxiv.1801.05789
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
0
作者：
Gryb S
通讯作者：
Gryb S

Hawking radiation and analogue experiments: A Bayesian analysis

DOI：
10.1016/j.shpsb.2019.04.004
发表时间：
2015-12
期刊：
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics
影响因子：
0
作者：
Radin Dardashti;S. Hartmann;Karim P. Y. Th'ebault;Eric Winsberg
通讯作者：
Radin Dardashti;S. Hartmann;Karim P. Y. Th'ebault;Eric Winsberg

On the limits of experimental knowledge