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Demons of the Mind: the Interactions of the 'Psy' Sciences and Cinema in the Sixties

心灵的恶魔：六十年代“心理学”科学与电影的相互作用

基本信息

批准号：
AH/P005136/1
负责人：
Tim Snelson
金额：
$ 25.78万
依托单位：
University of East Anglia
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2017 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FP005136%2F1
关键词：
Demons Mind Interactions Psy Sciences

项目摘要

The 1960s was a period of intense struggles over knowledge about the human mind, with psychologists, psychiatrists, and psychoanalysts in deep conflict. This was the period of professional and public arguments over the use of psychotropic and antipsychotic drugs, electroconvulsive therapy, psychosurgery, as well as issues such as the role of personality and genetics in human behaviour, children's emotional development, obedience and bystander apathy, the relationship between cinema and psychosis, psychology's role in defining sexuality and women's oppression, the popularisation of psychotherapy, and the anti-psychiatry movement. It was also a period in which cinema and audiences became preoccupied with the 'demons of the mind', with horror, science fiction, crime, and thriller films becoming increasingly significant ways in which psychological theories and new research findings were disseminated and debated within the public sphere. British and American cinema invested heavily financially and creatively in exploring child development, attachment and 'mothering', psychogenetics, psychopathy and personality disorders within overlapping cycles of genre films featuring the most celebrated directors and stars (William Wyler, Otto Preminger, Alfred Hitchcock, Lawrence Olivier, Noel Coward, Audrey Hepburn) and luminaries of New Hollywood and the British New Wave (Robert Altman, Peter Bogdanovich, Jack Clayton, Karel Reisz, Terence Stamp). Many of these films were Anglo-American co-productions that integrated national cinematic traditions and talent in appealing to both British and American markets. This project will provide the first comprehensive account of the complex contestations and cross-pollinations of the psy sciences in this defining period as the influence of psychology and allied sciences expanded into everyday political, public and private lives in Britain and America. The project will explore the divergences and intersections of the two national cultures and bodies of medical thought, at a time when, as in cinema culture, there was significant traffic but also marked distinctions. The outputs from this project will therefore provide vital contributions to the history of science and medicine. In addition, the project will trace how key developments in the psy sciences interacted with popular cinema and other media in the 'long Sixties' period of the mid-1950s to early-1970s, when popular culture made an unprecedented intervention into debates regarding human psychology. The project will, therefore, also provide a significant contribution to media and film studies by seeking to understand Sixties cinema culture's fixation with the psychological not as unconscious meanings or subject positions, but rather as conscious and contested intermediations of medical, psychological, and psychiatric discourses and practices; these films were promoted as representing conjoined 'breakthroughs' in science and cinema. Through its research methods, personnel, and dissemination, this project will bring historians of science and medicine, science communication scholars, media and film studies academics, and psy science professionals into productive dialogue. It will also provide vital experience, mentoring, and training for the early career researcher (PI) and postdoctoral researcher in working with leading academics within and outside their fields of expertise. The project will facilitate productive collaboration between the leading Centre for the History of Science, Technology and Medicine at University of Manchester and one of UK's longest established centres for Film, Television and Media Studies at University of East Anglia. In addition, the project's partnership with the British Science Association will introduce humanities approaches into the science festival circuit, which is currently dominated by scientific perspectives.

20世纪60年代是一个关于人类思维知识的激烈斗争时期，心理学家，精神病学家和精神分析学家陷入了深刻的冲突。这是一个专业和公众争论的时期，争论的焦点包括精神病和抗精神病药物的使用、电休克治疗、精神外科手术，以及人格和遗传学在人类行为中的作用、儿童的情感发展、服从和旁观者的冷漠、电影和精神病之间的关系、心理学在定义性行为和妇女压迫方面的作用、心理治疗的普及、和反精神病学运动这也是一个电影和观众专注于“心灵恶魔”的时期，恐怖，科幻，犯罪和惊悚片成为心理学理论和新研究成果在公共领域传播和辩论的越来越重要的方式。英国和美国电影在财政上和创造性地投入了大量资金，在以最着名的导演和明星为特色的类型电影的重叠周期中探索儿童发展，依恋和“母亲”，心理遗传学，精神病和人格障碍（威廉·惠勒、奥托·普雷明格、阿尔弗雷德·希区柯克、劳伦斯·奥利弗、诺埃尔·科沃德、奥黛丽·赫普本）以及新好莱坞和英国新浪潮的杰出人物（罗伯特·奥特曼，彼得·博格达诺维奇，杰克克莱顿，卡雷尔·雷兹，特伦斯·斯坦普）。这些电影中有许多是英美联合制作的，融合了国家电影传统和人才，吸引了英国和美国市场。该项目将首次全面介绍心理学科学在这一决定性时期的复杂发展和交叉传播，因为心理学和相关科学的影响力扩展到英国和美国的日常政治，公共和私人生活。该项目将探讨两个民族文化和医学思想的分歧和交叉点，当时，在电影文化中，有显着的交通，但也有显着的区别。因此，该项目的成果将为科学和医学史做出重要贡献。此外，该项目将追踪心理学科学的关键发展如何与流行电影和其他媒体在20世纪50年代中期到70年代初的“漫长的60年代”期间相互作用，当时流行文化对人类心理学的辩论进行了前所未有的干预。因此，该项目也将为媒体和电影研究做出重大贡献，通过寻求理解六十年代电影文化对心理的固定，而不是无意识的意义或主题立场，而是作为医学，心理学和精神病学话语和实践的有意识和有争议的中介;这些电影被推广为代表科学和电影的联合“突破”。通过其研究方法，人员和传播，该项目将使科学和医学历史学家，科学传播学者，媒体和电影研究学者以及心理学科学专业人士进行富有成效的对话。它还将为早期职业研究人员（PI）和博士后研究人员提供重要的经验，指导和培训，以便与专业领域内外的领先学者合作。该项目将促进曼彻斯特大学科学，技术和医学历史领先中心与东安格利亚大学英国历史最悠久的电影，电视和媒体研究中心之间的富有成效的合作。此外，该项目与英国科学协会的伙伴关系将把人文方法引入科学节巡回赛，目前科学节主要由科学观点主导。