Reparations, Responsibility and Victimhood in Transitional Societies

转型社会中的赔偿、责任和受害者

• 批准号: AH/P006965/1
• 负责人: Luke Moffett
• 金额: $ 83.49万
• 依托单位: Queen's University Belfast
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FP006965%2F1
• 关键词: Reparations; Responsibility; Victimhood; Transitional; Societies

ContextReparations have long been a legal and political tool of making amends for past wrongs in post conflict and transitional societies. In essence, reparations aim to restore what is owed, compensate for loss, acknowledge wrongs and remedy the injured. Over the past 60 years, there has been a proliferation of reparations programmes from Germany's reparations to victims of the Holocaust (80 billion DM) and the UN Claims Commission set up for the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait ($55 billion). More recently, individual perpetrators at the International Criminal Court have been ordered to provide reparations to their victims. International bodies, local courts and truth commissions have also recognised victims' right to reparations. Despite these developments, fundamental theoretical and policy questions concerning how to remedy mass violations of human rights remain. Aims and ObjectivesThis project will seek to develop a theoretical and practical understanding of the relationship between reparations, responsibility and victimhood in transitional societies. To achieve this it will: - Examine five cross-cutting themes in Colombia, Guatemala, Nepal, Northern Ireland, Peru and Uganda of: (1) Eligibility and Complex Victimhood; (2) Reparations, Acknowledgement and Truth Recovery; (3) Victim Ownership, Mobilisation and Participation; (4) Responsibility, Accountability and the State/Non-State Axis; and (5) Finance, Feasibility and Development;- Develop a research instrument structured around the themes above and conduct 20 semi-structured interviews in each jurisdiction with key government officials, civil society organisations, victim groups, ex-combatants, legal and political figures; and- Conduct a review of the relevant scholarly and policy literature across a range of relevant disciplines that illuminate the five project themes.Potential Applications and Benefits This project will be of value to academics, civil society and international organisations. Academically, the project will help develop a thicker understanding of the relationship between reparations, responsibility and victimhood in transitional societies. These broader theoretical considerations will be explored and disseminated through a scholarly monograph, at least five journal articles or book chapters and over a dozen conference presentations.At the level of policy and practice, this project will inform domestic debates on reparations in each of the six case studies with two bespoke reports for each jurisdiction (translated into local languages), two handbooks, and one guidelines on reparations in transitional societies. This research will also be highly relevant to international organisations like the UN, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, and the International Organisation for Migration, as well as policymakers and donors, international and regional courts and transnational civil society actors, which are involved in developing or adjudicating reparations around the world.'Fit' with Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF)This project aligns with the goals of the GCRF with its focus on conflict reconciliation, transitional justice and cohesive communities, and a 'human-centred' approach to conflict reconciliation. Given the focus of the research on reparations in Low/Middle Income countries and the broad range of outputs targeted at divided or marginalised populations (i.e. handbooks for civil society groups and non-state armed groups) as well as guidelines for International Organisations to aid the design of reparations programmes, we believe that this project is Official Development Assistance (ODA) compliant. Given the links between post-conflict stability, sustainable economic and societal development this research addresses an evidenced need, the primary beneficiaries of this highly impactful project will be disadvantaged populations.

背景长期以来，赔偿一直是冲突后和转型社会中弥补过去错误的法律和政治工具。赔偿的本质是恢复所欠、补偿损失、承认错误和补救受伤者。过去 60 年来，赔偿计划激增，从德国对大屠杀受害者的赔偿（800 亿德国马克）到联合国为伊拉克入侵科威特事件设立的索赔委员会（550 亿美元）。最近，国际刑事法院的个别肇事者被命令向受害者提供赔偿。国际机构、地方法院和真相委员会也承认受害者获得赔偿的权利。尽管取得了这些进展，有关如何补救大规模侵犯人权行为的基本理论和政策问题仍然存在。目的和目标本项目将寻求对转型社会中赔偿、责任和受害者之间的关系产生理论和实践的理解。为实现这一目标，它将： - 审查哥伦比亚、危地马拉、尼泊尔、北爱尔兰、秘鲁和乌干达的五个跨领域主题： (1) 资格和复杂受害人； (2) 赔偿、承认和恢复真相； (3) 受害者的所有权、动员和参与； (4) 责任、问责和国家/非国家轴心； (5) 财务、可行性和发展；- 围绕上述主题开发一个研究工具，并在每个司法管辖区与主要政府官员、民间社会组织、受害者群体、前战斗人员、法律和政治人物进行 20 次半结构化访谈； - 对一系列相关学科的相关学术和政策文献进行审查，阐明五个项目主题。 潜在的应用和好处 该项目将对学术界、民间社会和国际组织有价值。在学术上，该项目将有助于更深入地了解转型社会中赔偿、责任和受害者之间的关系。这些更广泛的理论考虑将通过学术专着、至少五篇期刊文章或书籍章节以及十几场会议演讲来探索和传播。在政策和实践层面，该项目将为六个案例研究中的每一个的赔偿辩论提供信息，并为每个管辖区提供两份定制报告（翻译成当地语言）、两本手册和一份关于转型社会赔偿的指南。这项研究还将与联合国、人权事务高级专员办事处、国际刑事法院和国际移民组织等国际组织以及参与世界各地制定或裁决赔偿的政策制定者和捐助者、国际和地区法院以及跨国民间社会行为者高度相关。“契合”全球挑战研究基金（GCRF）该项目与 GCRF 的目标一致，重点关注冲突 和解、过渡时期司法和有凝聚力的社区，以及“以人为本”的冲突和解方法。鉴于低/中等收入国家赔偿研究的重点以及针对分裂或边缘化人群的广泛产出（即民间社会团体和非国家武装团体手册）以及国际组织协助设计赔偿方案的指南，我们认为该项目符合官方发展援助（ODA）要求。鉴于冲突后稳定、可持续经济和社会发展之间的联系，这项研究满足了明显的需求，这一影响深远的项目的主要受益者将是弱势群体。

项目成果

Gender and Law in Modern Ireland

现代爱尔兰的性别与法律

• 发表时间: 2019
• 作者: Gallen, J.

Collective Justice: Ex-Combatants and Community Reparations in Colombia

集体正义：哥伦比亚的前战斗人员和社区赔偿

• DOI: 10.1093/jhuman/huac030
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Journal of Human Rights Practice
• 影响因子: 1
• 作者: Dixon P

Realising victims' rights to reparation, truth and justice in Guatemala in the midst of a zero-sum game

在危地马拉的零和游戏中实现受害者获得赔偿、真相和正义的权利

• 发表时间: 2020
• 作者: Brett Roddy

Redressing forced sterilisation: the role of the medical profession.

纠正强制绝育：医学界的作用。

• DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.16204
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology
• 作者: Gilmore S

The Palliative Role of Reparations in Reconciling Societies with the Past: Redressing Victims or Consolidating the State?

赔偿在社会与过去和解中的姑息作用：平息受害者还是巩固国家？

• DOI: 10.1080/17502977.2022.2042650
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding
• 影响因子: 2
• 作者: Gallen J