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Social relations and everyday life in England, 1500-1640

英国的社会关系和日常生活，1500-1640 年

基本信息

批准号：
AH/P014941/1
负责人：
Andrew Wood
金额：
$ 20.98万
依托单位：
Durham University
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2017 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FP014941%2F1
关键词：
Social relations everyday life England

项目摘要

This project explores the multiple ways in which inequalities of wealth and power were experienced, understood, accepted and contested in Tudor and early Stuart England. It will result in a book entitled Faith, Hope and Charity: Social Relations in England, 1500-1640 (contracted to Cambridge University Press), two journal articles, a symposium, a conference and an informal workshop. Public impact will be achieved through working with the Friends of the National Archives on the symposium and working with TNA archivists in creating new online finding aids, so opening up to a broader public fresh bodies of TNA material. I proceed from a deceptively simple question: how, despite the rapidity and intensity of economic and social change (population growth, urbanization, deepened commercialization, social polarization, social conflict) profound alteration in religious culture (the uneven, contested process of protestantization) and sometimes vicious social conflicts (riot, rebellion, episodic political crisis and - in the end - civil war) did Tudor and early Stuart society cohere? Periodization has been carefully considered. Around 1500, population expansion becomes noticeable. New bodies of archival material commence in useful runs from the same time (especially TNA material). Yet with the exception of work on rebellions, research on early modern English society tends to take its start-point at 1560. In contrast, I shall explore the whole range of the period 1500-1640. This will set the agenda for future work, opening up a substantial body of archival material to scrutiny as well as situating the post-1560 period against a clearer sense of what came before. At the other end of my period, the human, material and political impact of the civil wars form a decade of profound discontinuity into which, for now, I intend not to enter. In the long-term, I intend write a social history of the English Revolution. But that lies in the future. The title of the monograph draws on 1 Corinthians 11-13: When I was a child, I spoke as a child, I understood as a child, I thought as a child. But when I became a man, I put away childish things. For now, we see through a glass, darkly; but then face to face. Now I know in part; but then shall I know even as also I am known.And now abideth faith, hope and charity, these three: but the greatest of these is charity.My title therefore foregrounds the Scriptures as massively powerful yet constantly contested texts. The title does the following interpretive work: (a) Faith. Obviously, this alludes to the power of Christian faith within everyday life and communal relations in Tudor and Stuart England. Less obviously, it alludes to the capacities of local solidarities - faith in one another, in neighbours and friends - to weather the storms that threatened otherwise to overwhelm villages and towns. These included dearth of food, loss of rights, infectious disease, high taxation, exploitative lordship and the enclosure of common lands. (b) Hope. In an economy characterised - for poorer people - by constant insecurity, what hope was there for the future? Hope is here used as a category against which to situate profound material inequality and political disempowerment, and against which to locate lower-class agency. (c) Charity. This critically important concept refers not only to poor relief. It also references the social meanings of charity. Partially, charity was functional: poor folk begged for support on their knees, with their caps in their hands. But charity was relational: poor folk had expectations of their richer neighbours - when demands for charity were frustrated, those expectations could quickly mutate into something far more assertive. The concept of reciprocity is central here. All three words - faith, hope and charity - lead us into the unpredictability of working people's lives and into their potential capacity to shape the world around them.

这个项目探讨了在都铎王朝和早期斯图亚特王朝的英国，财富和权力的不平等被经历、理解、接受和争议的多种方式。它将产生一本题为《信仰、希望和慈善：1500-1640年英国的社会关系》的书（与剑桥大学出版社签约）、两篇期刊文章、一次专题讨论会、一次会议和一次非正式讲习班。将通过与国家档案馆之友合作举办专题讨论会，并与TNA档案管理员合作创建新的在线查找工具，从而向更广泛的公众开放TNA材料的新机构，来实现公众影响。我从一个看似简单的问题开始：尽管经济和社会变革的速度和强度（人口增长、城市化、商业化加深、社会两极分化、社会冲突）宗教文化的深刻变化（新教化的不平衡、有争议的过程），有时甚至是恶性的社会冲突（骚乱，叛乱，偶发的政治危机和--最终--内战）都铎王朝和早期斯图亚特王朝的社会是一致的吗？对分期问题进行了认真考虑。在1500年左右，人口膨胀变得明显。新的档案材料从同一时间开始有用的运行（特别是技术需要评估材料）。然而，除了对叛乱的研究，对近代早期英国社会的研究往往以1560年为起点。与此相反，我将探讨1500-1640年的整个时期。这将为未来的工作设定议程，开放大量的档案材料进行审查，并将1560年后的时期与之前的时期进行比较。在我任期的另一端，内战对人、物质和政治的影响形成了一个深刻中断的十年，我现在不打算进入这个十年。从长远来看，我打算写一部英国革命的社会史。但那是未来的事了。哥林多前书11-13章：我作孩子的时候，说话像孩子，思想像孩子。但当我成为一个男人，我把孩子气的东西。现在，我们透过玻璃看，黑暗;但之后面对面。现在我知道了一部分;到那时，我必知道，正如主知道我一样。2如今常存的有信，有望，和爱，这三样，其中最大的是爱。3因此，我的书名突出了《圣经》的力量，但又常受争议。标题做以下解释工作：（一）信仰。显然，这暗示了基督教信仰在都铎王朝和斯图亚特王朝的日常生活和公共关系中的力量。不那么明显的是，它暗示了地方团结的能力----对彼此、对邻居和朋友的信任----经受住了否则可能淹没村庄和城镇的风暴。这些问题包括食物匮乏、权利丧失、传染病、高税收、剥削性的统治和对公共土地的圈地。(b)希望在一个以不断的不安全感为特征的经济体中，对穷人来说，未来还有什么希望？在这里，希望被用作一个范畴，用来揭示深刻的物质不平等和政治权力的丧失，并以此来定位下层社会的能动性。(c)慈善这一至关重要的概念不仅指扶贫。它还提到了慈善的社会意义。从某种程度上说，慈善是起作用的：穷人们跪在地上乞求支持，手里拿着帽子。但慈善是相对的：穷人对他们的富裕邻居有期望--当对慈善的要求遭到挫折时，这些期望可能很快就会转变为更加自信的东西。互惠的概念在这里至关重要。这三个词--信仰、希望和慈善--引导我们了解劳动人民生活的不可预测性，以及他们塑造周围世界的潜在能力。