ENVIRONMENTAL-BEHAVIORAL INTERACTIONS AND DRUG TAKING

拟议研究重点的长期目标和具体目标 在发展了与 寻找毒品和吸毒的环境和行为决定因素 因为这些过程涉及到与毒品有关的公共健康问题 依赖和虐待。 更具体地说，拟议的调查将强调试验性 增强性、区别性和生理性的研究 滥用药物在实验灵长类动物中的依赖产生特性 特别是关于最常用的处方 镇静剂/催眠剂/抗焦虑剂(如苯二氮卓类)。两者都有 将研究静脉和口服给药途径和分子 作用机制将被阐明。 还将进行调查，以确定急性和慢性 两种药物单独滥用对感觉和运动功能的影响 并结合以开发适当的行为毒性数据 实验室灵长类动物的基地。这些研究将涉及应用程序和 动物心理物理学方法在药物疗效评价中的应用 根据听觉和视觉阈值以及反应时间。 最后，将进行研究，以探索决定因素和 在全球范围内寻求毒品和吸毒对人类志愿者的影响 持续规划的住宅实验室的背景 小规模特定社会系统的实验分析 重点是喝咖啡、吸烟和吸食大麻 这样的条件。 科学探究的这几个方面之间的相互关系 和拟议研究的长期目标，以加强 与潜在药物依赖和滥用倾向相关的知识库是 要在统一的概念框架内理解 整合多种交互作用的环境/行为模型 重点关注毒品寻觅和吸毒的调查工作水平 公共卫生问题的关键方面。

The long-term objectives and specific aims of the proposed research focus upon the development of generalizable knowledge relevant to the environmental and behavioral determinants of drug-seeking and drug-taking as these processes bear upon public health concerns related to drug dependence and abuse. More specifically, the proposed investigations will emphasize experimental studies of the reinforcing, discriminative, and physiological dependence-producing properties of drugs of abuse in laboratory primates with particular reference to the most commonly prescribed sedative/hypnotic/anxiolytic agents (e.g., benzodiazepines). Both intravenous and oral routes of administration will be studied and molecular mechanisms of action will be elucidated. Investigations will also be undertaken to determine the acute and chronic effects upon sensory and motor functions of such drugs of abuse both singly and in combination so as to develop an appropriate behavioral toxicity data base in laboratory primates. These studies will involve applications and extensions of animal psychophysical methods for assessment of drug effects upon auditory and visual thresholds and reaction times. Finally, studies will be undertaken to explore the determinants and consequences of drug-seeking and drug-taking in human volunteers within the context of a continuously programmed residential laboratory for the experimental analysis of small scale social systems with particular emphasis upon coffee drinking, cigarette smoking, and marijuana use under such conditions. The interrelationships between these several aspects of scientific inquiry and the long-term objectives of the proposed research to enhance the knowledge base relevant to drug dependence potential and abuse liability is to be understood within the unifying conceptual framework of an environmental/behavioral model for integrating the multiple interacting levels of investigative effort focused upon drug-seeking and drug-taking as critical aspects of public health concern.