权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Stone Dead: Stone Tools and their Role in Mesolithic Mortuary Rites and Rituals

死石：石器及其在中石器时代丧葬仪式和仪式中的作用

基本信息

批准号：
AH/T00519X/1
负责人：
Aimee Little
金额：
$ 25.78万
依托单位：
University of York
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2020 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FT00519X%2F1
关键词：
Stone Dead Tools their Role

项目摘要

The aim of this project is to explore why stone tools - artefacts often associated with utilitarian activities - were so often placed with the dead in Mesolithic Europe.In order to address this aim, Stone Dead will bring a critical and new understanding of the roles stone tools played in the mortuary rites and rituals of Northeast European Mesolithic societies (c. 9600-4000 BC) by reconstructing their biographies from raw material source, manufacture and use, through to deposition. Mesolithic burials are often accompanied with grave goods but the focus in research has tended to be on personal ornaments, such as beads, which are then interpreted as "prestige items". The stone tools frequently found in these graves are considered to be the mundane debris of everyday life and have received far less scientific attention. However, recent research by the PI and others has shown a much more complex story: some display evidence of intentional destruction as part of the funerary rite; some appear to have been made for the grave without prior use, placed in the hands of the dead or on the bodies of infants; stone was sometimes knapped directly into the grave and made of exotic materials. This evidence suggests a far greater social and symbolic meaning to the deposition of stone tools in mortuary contexts than currently realised.The project has 4 objectives:1. To establish the life histories of stone tool grave goods placed in secure funerary contexts.2. To compare/contrast non-mortuary and mortuary tool biographies and integrate biographical information from different classes of grave goods.3. To interconnect the biographies of the grave goods with existing human biological data.4. To assess variability in the composition and treatment of Mesolithic stone tools from grave assemblages in order to understand their social role in mortuary rites.To do this, patterns of wear, often only visible microscopically, will be studied using tools from two of the most significant and globally renowned Mesolithic burial sites in Europe: Zvejnieki (Latvia) and YOO (Karelia). The biographies of approximately 400 stone tools will be integrated with the biographies of other funerary gifts, and through the exploitation of new bioarchaeological information, the biographies of the individuals they accompanied. This has the potential to reveal new insights into the past function and special treatment of stone tools, and whether they were even used at all prior to being placed into the grave.In doing so, the project aims to bring a critical new social dimension to the meaning of stone tools for prehistoric hunting and gathering societies whilst enabling a more holistic understanding of grave good symbolism than has been previously achieved.The story of stone tools and the important role they played in past lifeways will have a lasting impact on key sectors. Our results will be disseminated via open access journal articles, conference presentations, a website, blog, social media and downloadable resources for the public and interest groups. The project will have broad scholarly interest for researchers of the Mesolithic, stone tools, funerary archaeology and bioarchaeology. Impact activities will fill critical gaps within Museum and English Heritage strategic planning needs by bringing stone tools, often regarded as mundane, to life. We will equip primary and secondary school teachers and those working in cultural heritage (museums, commercial archaeologists) with key skills in how to teach, display and conserve lithic artefacts.

这个项目的目的是探索为什么石器--通常与功利性活动有关的文物--在中石器时代的欧洲如此频繁地与死者放在一起。为了解决这个问题，《石器》将通过重建他们的传记，从原材料来源、制造和使用到沉积，对石器在东北欧中石器社会(约公元前9600-4000年)的殡仪和仪式中所扮演的角色有一个批判性的新理解。中石器时代的墓葬通常伴随着墓葬物品，但研究的重点往往是个人装饰品，如珠子，这些饰品随后被解释为“威望物品”。在这些坟墓中经常发现的石器被认为是日常生活中的平凡碎片，在科学上受到的关注要少得多。然而，PI和其他人最近的研究显示了一个复杂得多的故事：一些显示出故意破坏的证据，作为葬礼仪式的一部分；一些似乎是在没有事先使用的情况下为坟墓制作的，放在死者手中或婴儿的身体上；石头有时直接切入坟墓，并由外来材料制成。这一证据表明，在殡仪环境中存放石器具有比目前认识到的更大的社会和象征意义。该项目有四个目标：1.建立放置在安全葬礼环境中的石器墓葬物品的生活史。比较和对比非殡仪和殡仪工具传记，并整合不同类别墓葬物品的传记信息。将墓葬物品的传记与现有的人类生物数据互联。为了评估墓葬组合中中石器工具的成分和处理方法的多样性，以了解它们在殡仪中的社会作用。为此，将使用来自欧洲两个最重要和全球著名的中石器时代埋葬地点的工具来研究通常只能在显微镜下看到的磨损模式：Zvejnieki(拉脱维亚)和Yoo(Karelia)。大约400件石器的传记将与其他送葬礼物的传记相结合，并通过利用新的生物考古信息，即它们所伴随的个人的传记。这有可能揭示石器的过去功能和特殊处理方式，以及它们在被安放到坟墓之前是否被使用过。通过这样做，该项目旨在为史前狩猎和采集社会带来重要的新的社会层面，同时使人们能够比以前更全面地理解坟墓的良好象征意义。石器的故事及其在过去生活中发挥的重要作用将对关键领域产生持久的影响。我们的成果将通过开放获取的期刊文章、会议演示文稿、网站、博客、社交媒体和面向公众和感兴趣的团体的可下载资源来传播。该项目将对中石器、石器、葬礼考古和生物考古的研究人员产生广泛的学术兴趣。Impact活动将填补博物馆和英国遗产战略规划需求的关键空白，使通常被视为普通的石器变得栩栩如生。我们将向中小学教师和文化遗产工作人员(博物馆、商业考古学家)传授、展示和保护石器文物的关键技能。