GCRF Development Award on Protection from Enduring and Overlapping Forms of Violence

该发展奖为防止持久和重叠形式暴力网络的初步工作奠定了基础。人道主义保护往往与特定的危机局势有关。然而，特定个人和群体的脆弱性也植根于持久和多种形式的冲突和暴力。因此，保护网首先认识到，有必要扩大我们对保护的概念和经验理解。在此过程中，它从需要保护的人的角度，而不是从正规组织、框架和规范的角度，审查了保护弱势群体的挑战。拟议的保护网络是爱丁堡大学、斯里兰卡开放大学、法律和社会信托基金、美国国际大学非洲分校、奥尔堡大学和东安格利亚大学之间的一个伙伴关系，并将扩大到包括对弱势群体的复杂保护需求感兴趣的其他研究人员和从业人员。自下而上对保护进行概念化，使我们能够理解保护需要所采取的多种形式，因为它们植根于社会、经济和政治背景。关注人而不是事件或规范框架意味着我们可以将危机视为非例外，并打破预防和应对之间的鸿沟。这样做还有助于我们超越塑造人道主义干预措施的孤岛，跨不同的研究和政策领域学习，并支持新的实践社区。它使我们能够了解人们寻求保护自己免受暴力侵害的多种方式-例如，这些方式可能既与生计有关，也与法律的权利有关-同时承认这些做法本身可能是矛盾的、适得其反的和具有排斥性的。无论如何，如果我们要开始寻找解决办法，确认受保护的权利，并制定反应更迅速和更有效的干预措施，就必须从实地的保护需要和做法入手，肯尼亚和斯里兰卡将作为保护网络的中心枢纽，因为它们本身就是持久危机的发生地，也因为它们是南亚、东南亚和东非的区域接入点。这两个独立的中心还将为新形式的南南合作和学习创造机会。这两个国家的特点是长期的国家和非国家暴力，自然灾害和流离失所的形式。与此同时，这两个国家都有活跃的人道主义和人权团体，并一直是各种形式的国际干预的场所。保护网络将产生全面和可采取行动的知识，这些知识将被纳入更成熟的专门知识形式。通过建立一个植根于生活现实而不是政策类别的研究议程，该网络将把人权、人道主义和国际发展、被迫移徙研究、安全和性别研究等领域联系起来。这一发展项目通过与利益攸关方和受益社区协商，就肯尼亚和斯里兰卡保护的意义和保护活动的范围展开多部门和多学科对话，并为网络项目小组之间就这些主题进行持续对话创造机会，从而推进保护网络的目标。

This Development Award establishes the preliminary work for a Network on Protection from Enduring and Overlapping Forms of Violence. Humanitarian protection is often associated with particular situations of crisis. However, the vulnerability of specific individuals and groups is also rooted in enduring and multiple forms of conflict and violence. The Protection Network therefore starts with the recognition that there is a need to broaden our conceptual and empirical understanding of protection. In doing so, it examines the challenges of protecting vulnerable people from the perspective of those in need of protection rather than formal organisations, frameworks and norms. The proposed Protection Network is a partnership between the University of Edinburgh, Open University of Sri Lanka, Law and Society Trust, USIU-Africa, Aalborg University and the University of East Anglia and will extend out to include other researchers and practitioners interested in the complex protection needs of vulnerable populations. Conceptualising protection from the bottom up allows us to appreciate the multiple forms that protection needs take, as they are embedded in social, economic and political contexts. Focusing on people rather than events or normative frames means we can see crisis as non-exceptional, and break with the divide between prevention and response. Doing so also helps us move beyond the silos that have shaped humanitarian interventions, to learn across distinct research and policy domains and to support new communities of practice. It allows us to understand the multiple ways in which people seek to protect themselves from violence - which may, for example, relate to livelihoods as much as legal entitlements - whilst acknowledging that these practices might themselves be contradictory, counter-productive and exclusionary. Either way, starting with on the ground protection needs and practices is essential if we are to begin to find solutions to affirming protective rights and to develop interventions that are both more responsive and more effective.Kenya and Sri Lanka will act as central hubs for the Protection Network as they are sites of enduring crisis in their own right and because they are regional access points for South and Southeast Asia and East Africa. The two separate hubs will also create opportunities for new forms of South to South collaboration and learning. Both countries are marked by prolonged forms of state and non-state violence, natural disasters and displacement. At the same time, both countries have vibrant humanitarian and human rights communities and have been the site of diverse forms of international intervention. The Protection Network will produce holistic and actionable knowledge that will be fed into more established forms of expertise. By establishing a research agenda that is rooted in lived realities rather than policy categories, the Network will bridge areas including human rights, humanitarianism and international development, forced migration studies, security and gender studies. This Development Project advances the objectives of the Protection Network by consulting with stakeholder and beneficiary communities, beginning a multi-sector and multi-disciplinary conversation about the meaning of protection and the scope of protection activities in Kenya and Sri Lanka and creating opportunities for sustained conversation on these topics among the Network project team.